The interactive effects of estrogen and progesterone on changes in emotional eating across the menstrual cycle.

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown significant within-person changes in binge eating and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle, with substantial increases in both phenotypes during post-ovulation. Increases in both estradiol and progesterone levels appear to account for these changes in phenotypic risk, possibly via increases in genetic effects. However, to date, no study has examined changes in genetic risk for binge phenotypes (or any other phenotype) across the menstrual cycle. The goal of the present study was to examine within-person changes in genetic risk for emotional eating scores across the menstrual cycle.MethodParticipants were 230 female twin pairs (460 twins) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry who completed daily measures of emotional eating for 45 consecutive days. Menstrual cycle phase was coded based on dates of menstrual bleeding and daily ovarian hormone levels.ResultsFindings revealed important shifts in genetic and environmental influences, where estimates of genetic influences were two times higher in post- as compared with pre-ovulation. Surprisingly, pre-ovulation was marked by a predominance of environmental influences, including shared environmental effects which have not been previously detected for binge eating phenotypes in adulthood.ConclusionsOur study was the first to examine within-person shifts in genetic and environmental influences on a behavioral phenotype across the menstrual cycle. Results highlight a potentially critical role for these shifts in risk for emotional eating across the menstrual cycle and underscore the need for additional, large-scale studies to identify the genetic and environmental factors contributing to menstrual cycle effects.

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Ovarian hormones and emotional eating associations across the menstrual cycle: An examination of the potential moderating effects of body mass index and dietary restraint

International Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1002/eat.22084 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 256-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kelly L. Klump ◽

Pamela K. Keel ◽

S. Alexandra Burt ◽

Sarah E. Racine ◽

Michael C. Neale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Body Mass ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Dietary Restraint ◽

Ovarian Hormones ◽

Moderating Effects

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Associations between ovarian hormones and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: Do ovulatory shifts in hormones matter?

International Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1002/eat.22985 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 195-199

Author(s):

Natasha Fowler ◽

Pamela K. Keel ◽

S. Alexandra Burt ◽

Michael Neale ◽

Steven Boker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Ovarian Hormones

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Effects of 48 Hours of Continuous Work and Sleep Loss on Work Performance of Males and Females

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181379023001136 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 547-548

Author(s):

Sarah J. Miller ◽

Glynn D. Coates ◽

Raymond H. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Work Performance ◽

Human Performance ◽

Sleep Loss ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Similar Data ◽

Males And Females ◽

Continuous Work ◽

Male Subjects

The effects of extended periods of sleep loss and continuous work on complex human performance in male subjects have been fairly well documented (cf., Alluisi, Coates, & Morgan, 1977; Morgan, Brown, & Alluisi, 1974; Morgan, Brown, Coates, & Alluisi, 1974). However, similar data are unavailable for the female worker. Further, the results of these previous studies have indicated that, for male subjects, the underlying circadian rhythm interacts with the effects of sleep loss and continuous work (Alluisi, et al., 1977). If it can be assumed that the interactive effects of the circadian rhythm are due in part to an underlying physiological cycle, it is reasonable to hypothesize that similar interactive effects would be observed in systematic investigations of the effects of 48 hours of sleep loss and continuous work at various points of the menstrual cycle in females. The purposes of the present series of investigations were, therefore, twofold: (1) To determine the effects of 48 hours of continuous work and sleep loss on complex human performance in female subjects with a goal of providing direct comparisons of male and female performances under identical conditions, and (2) To determine the effects of the menstrual cycle, if any, as it interacts with the effects of sleep loss and continuous work.

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Ovarian hormones and binge eating: exploring associations in community samples

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291708002997 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 1749-1757 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

K. L. Klump ◽

P. K. Keel ◽

K. M. Culbert ◽

C. Edler

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Large Scale ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Twin Studies ◽

Ovarian Hormones ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Continuous Measures

BackgroundSignificant associations between changes in ovarian hormones and binge eating are present across the menstrual cycle in women with bulimia nervosa. However, no study has examined these relationships in a non-clinical sample, despite the need for these data for designing risk-factor studies.MethodIn study 1, we modified several continuous measures of binge eating and identified those that were most sensitive to menstrual-cycle fluctuations in a non-clinical sample of 10 women who completed measures for 35 days. In study 2, we explored associations between ovarian hormones and binge-eating scores in nine women who completed these same measures for 65 days and provided daily saliva samples for assays of estradiol and progesterone concentrations.ResultsIn study 1, the Emotional Eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire exhibited superior reliability and was most sensitive to predicted menstrual-cycle changes in binge eating (i.e. increased scores in the mid-luteal/premenstrual compared with follicular/ovulatory phases). In study 2, this scale showed predicted inverse associations with estradiol and positive associations with progesterone across the menstrual cycle that could not be accounted for by changes in negative affect.ConclusionAssociations between ovarian hormones and binge eating are robust and present in clinical and non-clinical samples. Findings support the ability to examine the role of ovarian hormones as risk factors for binge eating in large-scale prospective studies and twin studies.

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Interactive effects of ovarian steroid hormones on alcohol use and binge drinking across the menstrual cycle.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/abn0000304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (8) ◽

pp. 1104-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michelle M. Martel ◽

Tory Eisenlohr-Moul ◽

Bethan Roberts

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Ovarian Steroid

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Menstrual Cycle, Arousal-Induction, and Intelligence Test Performance

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.51 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Veena Kumari ◽

Philip J. Corr

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Test Performance ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Intelligence Test ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Menstrual Phase ◽

Ability Test ◽

And Performance ◽

Pressure Stress

Regularly menstruating students (aged 19 to 25 yr.) were tested in the morning under high and low arousal-induction conditions (with time-pressure instructions vs without time-pressure instructions) during either midcycle ( n = 16) or menstruation phase ( n = 16) to study the interactive effects of menstrual phases and time-pressure stress-induced arousal on intelligence test scores on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and Hundal's General Mental Ability Test. A crossover interactive effect of menstrual phase and stress-induced arousal was found on performance of the Hundal test, suggesting that performance of subjects who were tested during the midcycle phase (putatively High Basal Arousal) was impaired under the time-pressure instructions condition (High-induced Arousal) as compared to performance under the without time-pressure instructions condition (Low-induced Arousal), with the reverse pattern of effects being true for subjects who were tested during the menstruation phase. Scores on Hundal's test conform to the Yerkes-Dodson (1908) law which relates arousal to task performance and suggests that the menstrual cycle and performance on the intelligence test was arousal-based. No effects, however, were observed for Raven's Matrices, raising the possibility that task characteristics may mediate the relationship between arousal and performance.

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