ANALISIS FAKTOR PSIKOLOGIS DAN STRATEGI COPING STRES MAHASISWA MENIKAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19

ABSTRACTCurrently, the number of married students in higher education is increasing from year to year. The roles played by students and housewives are very susceptible to causing stress for students. Interestingly, even though the COVID-19 pandemic is currently hitting, this has no impact on the student's decision-making process in getting married. This study aims to explore more deeply related psychological factors that influence student marriage decision making and find out the stress coping strategies developed by these students when facing pressure as a student with the status of being a wife and housewife. The research approach is qualitative phenomenology involving six students as research subjects. The data collection process was carried out by in-depth interviews and observation. The results of the study found that psychological factors that influenced student decision-making to marry during the COVID-19 pandemic were motivation, perception, learning, and attitude. Stress coping strategies developed by students to deal with the pressure (stress) they face are intropunitive, defensive, introversive, interactive, and impressive.Keywords: psychological factors, stress coping, student married ABSTRAKSaat ini jumlah mahasiswa menikah pada Perguruan Tinggi meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Peran yang dijalani sebagai mahasiswa dan ibu rumah tangga sangat rentan menyebabkan stres bagi mahasiswa. Menariknya, meski saat ini pandemic COVID 19 sedang melanda, namun hal ini tidak berdampak pada proses pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa dalam melakukan pernikahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi lebih dalam terkait faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa menikah dan mengetahui strategi copign stres yang dikembangkan mahasiswa tersebut ketika menghadapi tekanan sebagai seorang mahasiswa dengan status menjadi istri atau ibu rumah tangga. Pendekatan penelitian adalah kualitatif fenomenologi yang melibatkan enam orang mahasiswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam (in depth interview) dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa untuk menikah pada masa pandemic COVID 19 adalah motivasi, persepsi, belajar dadn sikap. Strategi coping stres yang dikembangkan mahasiswa untuk menghadapi tekanan (stres) yang dihadapi adalah intropunitive,defensivenes, intropersistive,, interpersistive, dan Impersistive.Kata Kunci: faktor psikologis, coping stres, mahasiswa menikah

Smoking prevention in adolescents: a cross-sectional and qualitative evaluation of a newly implemented prevention program in Switzerland

ObjectivesIn 2014, a hospital-based smoking prevention programme ‘Nichtrauchen ist clever!’ (NIC!) for adolescents aged 12–14 was initiated. The aim of the study was to evaluate participants’ smoking behaviour and to explore the acceptance of the programme, and participants’ awareness on smoking-related diseases and factors that promote smoking initiation.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional survey to evaluate participant’s acceptance of the NIC! program and their smoking habits. A total of 1658 participants completed the survey between January 2016 and December 2019. A qualitative approach, including analysing feedback from students gathered at 77 prevention events between June 2014 and December 2019, was used to assess their view on reasons for smoking initiation and their knowledge about smoking-related diseases.ResultsTwenty-six per cent (429/1658) have already tried tobacco products (so called triers), specifically cigarettes, electronic (e)-cigarettes and shisha. The use of e-cigarettes was most popular among triers 58% (252/429). Eighty-eight per cent of participants (1408/1604) reported they had acquired good or excellent knowledge about smoking, and 89% (1439/1617) of participants stated that they intend not to smoke in the future. Particularly lung cancer and cancer in general, heart—and vascular diseases were frequently mentioned to be smoking related; where, on the other hand, a large number of relevant smoking-associated diseases were mentioned irregularly. Peer pressure, stress and coolness were identified as reasons for smoking initiation, whereas the influence of marketing and multimedia, as well as socioeconomic—and lifestyle-related factors on smoking behaviour was barely noticed.ConclusionNIC! had a high acceptance among the participants and a large number of students reported relevant gain of knowledge. We identified important knowledge-gaps relating to smoking initiation and smoking-related diseases, helping to improve further smoking prevention approaches.

Resistance of Structural Materials to Deformation in the Case of Linear and Flat Stresses

Annotation: The deformation resistance properties of structural materials in the case of linear and flat stresses are given on the basis of experimental results. The method of estimating the mechanical properties of the material based on the initial deformation diagrams is described. Keywords: Stress, deformation, longitudinal force, internal pressure, stress state, deformation diagram, initial deformation, Yung modulus, Poisson's ratio, anisotropy, strength, yield strength

Material Model Effect for Simulating a Single-Lap Joint with a Blind Rivet

This paper concerns the influence of the material modeling method on the results of strength analyses. The research object was a single lap joint with a blind rivet (ISO 12996). The results of numerical strength analysis for various configurations of material models with material and contact nonlinearity were compared not only with the experimental results of such a connection but also with the values estimated using classical analytical tools (pressure stress and Hertz stress). The research aimed to determine how the results of numerical analyses (FEMs) were influenced by the method of modeling the material model and how it relates to the experimental results. As part of the analyses, a discrete riveted model and material models were constructed. The analyses took into account various load cases (from 10 to 90% of the connection capacity) to better illustrate the relationship between the numerical and experimental results. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was determined that the linear-elastic model was an acceptable and suggested solution (with a load of up to 90% of the load capacity of the joint connection) for further tests. The work was summarized with general and specific conclusions relating to all cases of numerical modeling. In addition, the summary includes suggestions for future works.

The association between moral distress and mental health among nurses working at selected hospitals in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: In the event of an epidemic outbreak, the mental health of medical staff, including nurses who serve on the frontlines of hospitals, can be affected; thus, the identification of factors affecting nurses’ mental health is of importance. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between moral distress and the mental health of nurses working at four selected hospitals in Iran during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 296 nurses working at the selected hospitals in Bushehr and Shiraz (south of Iran) at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. The collected data were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean scores for nurses’ moral distress were low (54.31±24.84). The results of this study indicated more symptoms of mental issues among nurses (73.60%). Moreover, a significant association was observed between mental health and moral distress. Among the examined demographic variables, only gender had a significant association with mental health (p-value = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that an increase in moral distress would lead to a significant increase in mental health issues of the examined nurses. Nurse managers and hospital policymakers should develop strategies to enhance nurses’ level of mental health, as well as providing adequate emotional and family support for nurses. Considering the intensifying role of gender in this association, timely interventions are necessary to reduce the negative effects of workplace pressure/stress on female nurses.

Pressure stress modeling on expanded polystyrene materials using genetic programming

In the production of expanded polystyrene, the standards are very high in terms of thermal, fire, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics, because each of the characteristics is a condition for achieving quality that allows competitiveness in the market. To ensure high-quality products, it is necessary to achieve optimal performance and product quality through carefully adjusted input parameters of production. Since the production of expanded polystyrene is specific in several ways, an experimental study was conducted in which the basic parameters affecting product quality were detected and through which a series of experiments were performed to prove product quality. Experimental research for this work was conducted on three types of expanded polystyrene samples whose purpose is to insulate floors exposed to pressure. The samples were made of the same material of different densities and aging times for which the pressure stress at a deformation of 10% was tested. After the experimental phase, the modeling of the output parameters was performed. Modeling involved the development of a model that describes a given problem and the obtained modeled values were analyzed and compared with the experimental one. The modeling method used genetic programming using the GPdotNET software package. The goal of modeling with the GpdotNET tool is to obtain a realistic model that would give the value of the compression stress at a deformation of 10% as an output variable in materials made of expanded polystyrene.

Modeling and analysis of compaction roller deformation for fiber placement

The fiber reinforced resin-based composite materials have the characteristics of high specific modulus and strength, impact resistance, creep resistance, and seismic resistance, which are widely used in the aviation, automotive, and marine industries. As one of the advanced composite material forming technologies, the fiber placement can manufacture the large-curvature composite parts with the high efficiency, high quality, high repeatability and low cost. The rubber compaction roller will deform under the pressure, in which the deformation will increase the contact area between the pressure roller and the substrate, and improve the interlaminar bonding degree. Due to the different deformation of the compaction roller caused by the different laying pressures, the deformation process of the fiber compaction roller was analyzed. By establishing the pressure stress distribution model for the compaction roller, the contact pressure, the downward deformation of the compaction roller and the deformation contact area between the compaction roller and the substrate are obtained. The mapping relationship among the contact curves of the substrate is verified by using the experiments.

NMUR1 in the NMU-Mediated Regulation of Bone Remodeling

Neuromedin-U (NMU) is an evolutionarily conserved peptide that regulates varying physiologic effects including blood pressure, stress and allergic responses, metabolic and feeding behavior, pain perception, and neuroendocrine functions. Recently, several lines of investigation implicate NMU in regulating bone remodeling. For instance, global loss of NMU expression in male and female mice leads to high bone mass due to elevated bone formation rate with no alteration in bone resorption rate or observable defect in skeletal patterning. Additionally, NMU treatment regulates the activity of osteoblasts in vitro. The downstream pathway utilized by NMU to carry out these effects is unknown as NMU signals via two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), NMU receptor 1 (NMUR1), and NMU receptor 2 (NMUR2), and both are expressed in the postnatal skeleton. Here, we sought to address this open question and build a better understanding of the downstream pathway utilized by NMU. Our approach involved the knockdown of Nmur1 in MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro and a global knockout of Nmur1 in vivo. We detail specific cell signaling events (e.g., mTOR phosphorylation) that are deficient in the absence of NMUR1 expression yet trabecular bone volume in femora and tibiae of 12-week-old male Nmur1 knockout mice are unchanged, compared to controls. These results suggest that NMUR1 is required for NMU-dependent signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells, but it is not required for the NMU-mediated effects on bone remodeling in vivo. Future studies examining the role of NMUR2 are required to determine the downstream pathway utilized by NMU to regulate bone remodeling in vivo.