Effects of 48 Hours of Continuous Work and Sleep Loss on Work Performance of Males and Females

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-548
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Miller ◽  
Glynn D. Coates ◽  
Raymond H. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Male Subjects

The effects of extended periods of sleep loss and continuous work on complex human performance in male subjects have been fairly well documented (cf., Alluisi, Coates, & Morgan, 1977; Morgan, Brown, & Alluisi, 1974; Morgan, Brown, Coates, & Alluisi, 1974). However, similar data are unavailable for the female worker. Further, the results of these previous studies have indicated that, for male subjects, the underlying circadian rhythm interacts with the effects of sleep loss and continuous work (Alluisi, et al., 1977). If it can be assumed that the interactive effects of the circadian rhythm are due in part to an underlying physiological cycle, it is reasonable to hypothesize that similar interactive effects would be observed in systematic investigations of the effects of 48 hours of sleep loss and continuous work at various points of the menstrual cycle in females. The purposes of the present series of investigations were, therefore, twofold: (1) To determine the effects of 48 hours of continuous work and sleep loss on complex human performance in female subjects with a goal of providing direct comparisons of male and female performances under identical conditions, and (2) To determine the effects of the menstrual cycle, if any, as it interacts with the effects of sleep loss and continuous work.

Interaction of the Circadian Rhythm with the Effects of Continuous Work and Sleep-II

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-486
Author(s):  
Glynn D. Coates ◽  
Bill R. Brown ◽  
Ben B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Work Period ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Synthetic Work

The synthetic-work approach was employed in an investigation of the effects of continuous work and sleep loss on sustained performance. Two crews of five subjects each worked continuously for 36 hr., slept 4 hr., and then returned to work 8 hr. per day. During the continuous-work period, one crew began work at 0400 hr. and the other at 1600 hr. Performance decrements were found to be significantly larger (33% as compared to 11%) and recovery to be less complete for the crew whose continuous work began during the low portion of the subjects' circadian rhythm (i.e., the crew beginning at 0400 hr.). Comparisons of these data with other continuous-work investigations (in which the continuous-work periods began at other points of the subjects' circadian rhythm) indicate that the circadian rhythm constitutes a primary determiner of man's ability to work continuously for extended periods of time and to recover from the effects of continuous work and sleep loss.

Circadian rhythm changes in core temperature over the menstrual cycle: method for noninvasive monitoring

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. R1316-R1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Coyne ◽  
Christina M. Kesick ◽  
Tammy J. Doherty ◽  
Margaret A. Kolka ◽  
Lou A. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Cosinor Analysis ◽  
Temperature Amplitude

The purpose of this study was to determine whether core temperature (Tc) telemetry could be used in ambulatory women to track changes in the circadian Tc rhythm during different phases of the menstrual cycle and, more specifically, to detect impending ovulation. Tcwas measured in four women who ingested a series of disposable temperature sensors. Data were collected each minute for 2–7 days and analyzed in 36-h segments by automated cosinor analysis to determine the mesor (mean temperature), amplitude, period, acrophase (time of peak temperature), and predicted circadian minimum core temperature (Tc-min) for each cycle. The Tcmesor was higher ( P ≤ 0.001) in the luteal (L) phase (37.39 ±0.13°C) and lower in the preovulatory (P) phase (36.91 ±0.11°C) compared with the follicular (F) phase (37.08 ±0.13°C). The predicted Tc-min was also greater in L (37.06 ± 0.14°C) than in menses (M; 36.69 ± 0.13°C), F (36.6 ± 0.16°C), and P (36.38 ± 0.08°C) ( P ≤ 0.0001). During P, the predicted Tc-min was significantly decreased compared with M and F ( P ≤ 0.0001). The amplitude of the Tc rhythm was significantly reduced in L compared with all other phases ( P ≤ 0.005). Neither the period nor acrophase was affected by menstrual cycle phase in ambulatory subjects. The use of an ingestible temperature sensor in conjunction with fast and accurate cosinor analysis provides a noninvasive method to mark menstrual phases, including the critical preovulatory period.

scholarly journals Load carriage, human performance, and employment standards

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6 (Suppl. 2)) ◽  
pp. S131-S147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel A.S. Taylor ◽  
Gregory E. Peoples ◽  
Stewart R. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
External Loads

The focus of this review is on the physiological considerations necessary for developing employment standards within occupations that have a heavy reliance on load carriage. Employees within military, fire fighting, law enforcement, and search and rescue occupations regularly work with heavy loads. For example, soldiers often carry loads >50 kg, whilst structural firefighters wear 20–25 kg of protective clothing and equipment, in addition to carrying external loads. It has long been known that heavy loads modify gait, mobility, metabolic rate, and efficiency, while concurrently elevating the risk of muscle fatigue and injury. In addition, load carriage often occurs within environmentally stressful conditions, with protective ensembles adding to the thermal burden of the workplace. Indeed, physiological strain relates not just to the mass and dimensions of carried objects, but to how those loads are positioned on and around the body. Yet heavy loads must be borne by men and women of varying body size, and with the expectation that operational capability will not be impinged. This presents a recruitment conundrum. How do employers identify capable and injury-resistant individuals while simultaneously avoiding discriminatory selection practices? In this communication, the relevant metabolic, cardiopulmonary, and thermoregulatory consequences of loaded work are reviewed, along with concomitant impediments to physical endurance and mobility. Also emphasised is the importance of including occupation-specific clothing, protective equipment, and loads during work-performance testing. Finally, recommendations are presented for how to address these issues when evaluating readiness for duty.

Fatigue and alcohol: interactive effects on human performance in driving-related tasks

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mascord ◽  
Jeannie Walls ◽  
Graham A. Starmer
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Interactive Effects

Body Image and Personality: A French Adaptation of Fisher's Body Focus Questionnaire

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1227-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilou Bruchon-Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Male Subjects

A French translation of the Fisher Body Focus Questionnaire has been made with a population of 94 female and 24 male subjects. Distributions of scores were largely normal. Some differences in body perception appeared between males and females. The test-retest reliability of the scales for 1 mo. was generally significant. Independence of scales has not been verified, while a factorial analysis yielded two meaningful factors. Cross-validation was attempted with personality traits. Some variables link with personality.

Effects of Sleep Loss and Strenuous Physical Activity on the Rest–Activity Circadian Rhythm

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Calogiuri ◽  
Andi Weydahl ◽  
Eliana Roveda
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strenuous Physical Activity ◽  
Prolonged Fatigue ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Rest Activity

Objective. Rest–activity circadian rhythm is strongly linked to an organism’s entrainment. Sleep loss and prolonged fatigue could affect the circadian system, inducing neurobehavioral deficits. The Finnmarksløpet is Europe’s longest dogsled race. In this competition, lasting up to 7 days, participants (mushers) are physically active most of the time, having little and fragmented rest. Therefore, the race provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of prolonged fatigue and sleep loss. Methods. Ten mushers, participating in the 500 km and 1,000 km categories, underwent continuous actigraph monitoring (5 days) before and after the race. During the competition, heart rate (HR) was recorded by an HR monitor. Results. There was a reduction in the average activity values during the 24-hr cycle after the race. Although there were signs of a forward phase shift, these were weak and unstable. Nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA) showed reductions in interdaily stability (IS) and relative amplitude (RA). 1,000 km mushers also showed sleep disturbances. Conclusion. A period of 3 days of little and fragmented sleep (3–4 hr of total rest per day), in which subjects were engaged in a prolonged physical effort, was enough to significantly affect the rest–activity rhythm. A longer period (5 days) in such a condition induced even more accentuated alterations, with a disturbance in nocturnal sleep. Disrupted sleep is common among hospitalized patients and those working long shifts. This study demonstrates changes in the structure of the rest–activity circadian rhythm that can result and may suggest opportunities for intervention.

scholarly journals Uncovering Residual Effects of Chronic Sleep Loss on Human Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 14ra3-14ra3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Cohen ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
J. K. Wyatt ◽  
R. E. Kronauer ◽  
D.-J. Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Chronic Sleep
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