Supplemental Material for Implicit Social Cognition Through the Years: The Implicit Association Test at Age 21

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition

scholarly journals The role of recoding in implicit social cognition: Investigating the scope and interpretation of the ReAL model for the implicit association test

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250068
Author(s):  
Jimmy Calanchini ◽  
Franziska Meissner ◽  
Karl Christoph Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Model

The ReAL model is a multinomial processing tree model that quantifies the contribution of three qualitatively distinct processes–recoding, associations, and accuracy–to responses on the implicit association test (IAT), but has only been validated on a modified version of the IAT procedure. The initial goal of the present research was to validate an abbreviated version of the ReAL model (i.e., the Brief ReAL model) on the standard IAT procedure. Two experiments replicated previous validity evidence for the ReAL model on the modified IAT procedure, but did not produce valid parameter estimates for the Brief ReAL model on the standard IAT procedure. A third, pre-registered experiment systematically manipulated all of the task procedures that vary between the standard and modified IAT procedures–response deadline, number of trials, trial constraints–to determine the conditions under which the Brief ReAL model can be validly applied to the IAT. The Brief ReAL model estimated theoretically-interpretable parameters only under a narrow range of IAT conditions, but the ReAL model generally estimated theoretically-interpretable parameters under most IAT conditions. We discuss the application of these findings to implicit social cognition research, and their implications to social cognitive theory.

scholarly journals If Nazi = Red, and Canadian = Red, does Red = Good or Bad? Testing the effects of valenced perceptual cues on Implicit Association Test performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Language Theory ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Activated Complex

After two decades of research on implicit social cognition, it has become clear many of the field's theories and practices need to be redressed. Addressed in the present paper are the assumptions and memetic ideas embedded in the language, theory, and measurement tools of so-called implicit social cognition, their historical and contemporary shortcomings, and solutions to avoid these shortcomings and improve scholarship in this field. Specifically, the present paper recommends researchers and theorists adopt more accurate and epistemically honest language in their work, and determine what measures of implicit social cognition measure through experimental research rather than through empirically unjustifiable assumptions. Contributing to this endeavour, the present paper includes an experiment testing whether performance on the Implicit Association Test (IAT) can be changed through the indirect activation of complex associations. Here it is demonstrated that performance on IAT appears to be unaffected by indirectly activated complex associations, ruling out a possible cognitive mechanism that could contribute to performance on the IAT.

scholarly journals Implicit social cognition through years: The Implicit Association Test at age 21

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottavia M. Epifania ◽  
Egidio Robusto ◽  
Pasquale Anselmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
And Behaviors

<p>The advent of implicit measures opened the access to processes of which people might not be completely aware but that can still influence their attitudes, preferences, and behaviors towards different objects. Among the existing implicit measures, the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) is one of the most studied and used. The descriptive literature review presented in this work was aimed at providing an overview of how the IAT has been used from the year of its first introduction until current days. Specifically, the main fields of application of the IAT, the specific topics for which it has been used, and its concurrent use with other implicit measures have been highlighted and described. When possible, information on the samples on which the studies were carried out are reported. Results indicate an on-going growth of the IAT in a constantly wider range of topics. The ability of the IAT to overcome self-presentation biases and to access the implicit aspects of attitudes have been particularly exploited for investigating biases towards different out-groups, especially in sensitive contexts.<br></p>

scholarly journals Implicit social cognition through years: The Implicit Association Test at age 21

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottavia M. Epifania ◽  
Egidio Robusto ◽  
Pasquale Anselmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
And Behaviors

<p>The advent of implicit measures opened the access to processes of which people might not be completely aware but that can still influence their attitudes, preferences, and behaviors towards different objects. Among the existing implicit measures, the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) is one of the most studied and used. The descriptive literature review presented in this work was aimed at providing an overview of how the IAT has been used from the year of its first introduction until current days. Specifically, the main fields of application of the IAT, the specific topics for which it has been used, and its concurrent use with other implicit measures have been highlighted and described. When possible, information on the samples on which the studies were carried out are reported. Results indicate an on-going growth of the IAT in a constantly wider range of topics. The ability of the IAT to overcome self-presentation biases and to access the implicit aspects of attitudes have been particularly exploited for investigating biases towards different out-groups, especially in sensitive contexts.<br></p>

scholarly journals Go/No-go Association Task

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Single Category ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Second Category

Overview=======The GNAT (pronounced like the bug) is a flexible technique designed to measure implicit social cognition. Conceptually similar to other implicit measures like the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, JPSP, 1998), the GNAT assesses automatic associations between concept (e.g., gender) and attribute (e.g., evaluation) categories. The GNAT has two features that distinguish it from other measures of implicit social cognition. First, the GNAT is designed to be use signal detection statistics in its calculation of automatic associations (d-prime), but can also be adapted to utilize response latency as its operational dependent variable. Second, the GNAT is flexible in the establishing of contextual characteristics for the evaluative situation. For example, the IAT requires an attitude toward one category (insects) be assessed relative to a second category (flowers). With the GNAT, experimenters can vary whether insects are evaluated in the context of a single category (flowers), a superordinate category (animals), a generic category (objects) or with no context at all.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Implicit Association Test and explicit measures of intergroup cognition: Data from the meta-analysis by Kurdi et al. (2018)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedek Kurdi ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explicit Measures

In the present report we provide a brief summary of the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of social cognition based on the meta-analytic database analyzed in more detail with respect to the relationship between measures of social cognition and measures of intergroup behavior by Kurdi et al. (2018). In the present analysis, a statistically significant but small relationship emerged between implicit and parallel explicit measures of attitudes, stereotypes, and identity. The implicit–explicit relationship was characterized by high levels of statistical heterogeneity, thus making moderator analyses necessary. Implicit and explicit measures were more highly correlated with each other in studies (a) of sexual orientation (relative to other target group categories), (b) using the improved scoring algorithm to index IAT performance, (c) conducted using real-world or online samples (relative to general, student, and preselected samples), (d) conducted using foreign samples (relative to U.S. samples), and (e) conducted by authors with higher levels of experience involving the Implicit Association Test. Other variables that, based on theoretical or practical considerations, may have been expected to produce an effect had no impact.

Men Are Hierarchical, Women Are Egalitarian: An Implicit Gender Stereotype

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Schmid Mast
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Two Samples

The goal of the present study was to provide empirical evidence for the existence of an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype indicating that men are more readily associated with hierarchies and women are more readily associated with egalitarian structures. To measure the implicit hierarchy gender stereotype, the Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald et al., 1998) was used. Two samples of undergraduates (Sample 1: 41 females, 22 males; Sample 2: 35 females, 37 males) completed a newly developed paper-based hierarchy-gender IAT. Results showed that there was an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype: the association between male and hierarchical and between female and egalitarian was stronger than the association between female and hierarchical and between male and egalitarian. Additionally, men had a more pronounced implicit hierarchy gender stereotype than women.

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