Predictive Model of The Factors Involved in Cyberbullying of Adolescent Victims

The development of Information and Communication Technologies has favored access to technological resources in adolescents. These tools provide access to information that can promote learning. However, they can also have a negative effect against people, as they can be used with other functionality, in which cyberbullying situations are caused during the interactions that arise when using social networks. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of the role of cyberbullying victims based on variables related to other roles involved in cyberbullying and bullying (aggressors and witnesses), as well as personal characteristics (sex and age), contextual characteristics (type of educational school in which they are attending) and positive teamwork habits. (cooperation, responsibility, dialogue, listening, respect). Information was collected from 227 students of the educational stages of Primary Education and Secondary Education, aged between 11 and 15 years, in a city with a high index of cultural diversity. The step-by-step technique was used to build the regression model. The results indicate that the model has a good goodness of fit coefficient (adjusted R2: 0.574; p < 0.001). The role of cyberbully is the most important predictive variable of the role of the victim in cyberbullying and, to a lesser extent, the role of the witness in cyberbullying, the role of the witness in bullying, and the role of the victim of bullying. The role of the bullying aggressor and the variables sex, age, type of educational center, and teamwork habits are excluded in the predictive model.

Contextual Characteristics in Relation to Student Intervention in Bullying

The goal of the current study was to examine whether contextual characteristics of a school are related to student interventions in bullying. Specifically, participants reported their perceptions of how teachers responded to bullying, school climate, and the promotion of social emotional wellness. The study included 390 eighth to twelfth grade students from the Southeastern region of the United States. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed good model fit and measurement invariance across sex was established. Structural models indicated that for boys, perceptions of social emotional learning (SEL) promotion were positively and significantly related to their intervention in bullying. For girls, both teacher interventions and perceptions of SEL promotion were positively related to their intervention in bullying. Results suggest that characteristics of the school are important for promoting interventions in bullying among high school students.

Why Do Students Become Cyberbullies? Elucidating the Contributions of Specific Developmental Risks to Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is currently considered as a widespread problem among children and adolescents; in particular, the risks of cyberbullying have recently been examined. The empirical analyses of the present work are based on data from a German longitudinal study. The self-reports of adolescents from Dortmund and Nuremberg on both cyberbullying and individual and contextual characteristics were taken into account. The two-wave panel encompasses N = 871 adolescents (44.5% male); the average age was M = 15.1 years (SD = 0.83) at t1. Data on cyberbullying refer to sending insults or threats to others via the Internet, spreading rumours or talking badly about others via the Internet, and sending private e-mails, photos or similar from others in order to embarrass or ridicule the persons concerned. Other characteristics relate to single aspects of psychopathy (egocentric egotism, low self-control, empathy deficits), acceptance of violence, and delinquent peers. The path analytical findings illustrate the predictive relationships between both individual and contextual risks and cyberbullying in adolescence. The empirical results are discussed, among others, from the perspective of developmental and life-course criminology.

Crime rates and contextual characteristics: a case study in Connecticut, USA

There is a long-standing interest in the spatial relationship between contextual characteristics and crime rates in the U.S. since such a relationship allows police and stakeholders to design crime prevention programs to better target areas at risk for crime. The objective of this research is to examine the relationships between violent/property crime rates and contextual characteristics at the county-subdivision level in the State of Connecticut. The analysis shows that predictors such as population density, type of housing, education, poverty, and racial/ethnic diversity are significantly associated with violent and property crime rates. The results are discussed in the context of different crime hypotheses, which can explain spatial variations in crime rates. Most importantly, the association between crime rates and the explanatory variables in this study significantly varied over space, highlighting that different crime prevention policies/programs should be implemented in different county subdivisions in Connecticut.

Entrepreneurship education in Brazil: Brazilian and Scottish approaches to policy and provision in vocational education

PurposeThis paper examines entrepreneurship education (EE) in Brazil and Scotland and unpacks convergent and divergent practices in vocational education (VE). The authors evaluate access to EE in VE and suggest and how it might be advanced in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA); interpretative analysis of interviewee experiences with 12 educationalists, in management and academic roles, from two Brazilian and two Scottish VE institutions, contextual findings inform advances.FindingsIn Scotland, there is a well-defined entrepreneurial ecosystem where government policy and partners support and monitor provision of and accessibility to EE. In Brazil, government does not regulate policy provision of EE, and there is no defined entrepreneurial ecosystem of partners. IPA enabled the authors to examine divergent entrepreneurial education provision and evaluate accessibility to EE in Brazil.Research limitations/implicationsImplications include ways to advance educational inclusivity and accessibility for VE students in Brazil and a call to address availability through policy is underpinned by empirical data. Contextual characteristics of the study might be considered limiting but address a broad call to contribute to EE in VE settings.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study equip educationalists with new knowledge about advancing EE provision and delivery in VE, which in turn supports inclusivity.Originality/valueThe authors contribute directly to an agenda that will create impact for young Brazilians through accessible EE models that place EE in VE at the forefront of social change in Brazil.

Does Context Matter?

Systemic features can play a relevant role in shaping the relationship between political experiences on social media and political participation. The positive relationship between exposure to supportive political content on social media and participation is stronger in countries with majoritarian patterns of political competition than in countries with proportional dynamics. The positive relationship between being targeted by electoral mobilization on social media and participation is stronger in party-centric political systems than in candidate-centric ones. By contrast, the relationship between accidental exposure to news on social media and participation does not vary across different types of media systems. The fact that some features of political systems moderate the relationship between political experiences on social media and participation highlights that comparative research can help us understand how contextual characteristics that vary across countries shape the political implications of social media.

The Roma Context

This chapter presents an overview of the current situation of Roma ethnic minority groups. The authors provide a brief historical outline as well as a summary of major sociodemographic, cultural, and contextual characteristics of Roma. They compare these characteristics across different countries hosting Roma populations and discuss their potential importance for children and youth within broader social and cultural contexts. Drawing on currently available empirical work with these populations, the authors address the question of whether traditional developmental frameworks can apply to oppressed minority settings. They also examine how unique cultural-specific and universal features of Roma can inform the understanding of optimal adaptation in adolescence. The authors conclude by emphasizing the relevance of recognizing that oppressed minority groups such as Roma have potentials and strengths on which we need to build, rather than assume that their communities are only characterized by adversity and deficits.

The Curious Case of Courtroom Liars’ Credibility

How do we evaluate people who provide false information? The current studies uncover a context in which people who intentionally lie are perceived as more credible than those who unintentionally mix up information. Across three studies (total N=1196), participants read about an incident witnessed by targets who, when queried, either lied about or mixed up information. Participants then evaluated those targets. In Study 1, we demonstrate that in a courtroom, targets who lie (versus mix up information) are judged as more credible. We next test two boundary conditions, showing that the effect may be constrained by particular contextual characteristics of a courtroom (Study 2) and that the misinformation needs to be unrelated to the information on which the target’s advice or testimony is sought (Study 3). The current research suggests that under specific circumstances, perceivers may evaluate targets who lie as more credible than those who mix up information.

The Economic Attainment of Mexican Refugees during the Age of Mass Migration

Research on immigrant economic integration generally focuses on the influence of human capital on later occupational success. This research, however, often ignores other individual-level and contextual-level influences on later attainment and when in settlement they are likely to matter. We therefore create a unique panel dataset that follows a Mexican refugee population from arrival and through settlement in the early twentieth century. This novel data source allows us to examine both individual and contextual characteristics on occupational attainment at different points in time. Our analyses show that individual characteristics beyond human capital measures are likely to matter at first arrival, but their effects attenuate over time. This is especially true for perceived skin complexion, persons travelled with, and age which hold large effects on occupational outcomes at first arrival, but smaller effects after longer settlement. Furthermore, we are able to explore the role context of settlement plays on economic attainment. Consistent with previous research, we find that more favorable contexts are associated with better outcomes than less favorable contexts. This research has implications for the understanding of the adaptation and integration of refugee and immigrant populations by shedding light on what and when different variables influence later attainment.

The ‘Netflix Original’ and what it means for the production of European television content

The European audiovisual market has unique contextual characteristics that constrain the sustainability and development of audiovisual content. Among other shifts, the rise of global subscription video-on-demand players like Netflix have been reshaping this market. Although Netflix has been investing in Europe, little is known about their actual investment strategies. This study’s goal is to analyse Netflix original investment in European scripted series and examine their implications for the European market. Based on a mapping of all European Netflix Originals, we identify four investment patterns. The analysis shows a significant uptake of Netflix investment, yet concurrently these reinforce existing discrepancies between large and small states in Europe.