AIDS Falls from Top Ten Causes of Death: Teen Births, Infant Mortality, Homicide all Decline

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Teen Births

Risk of Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Twins and Singletons by Gestational Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 798-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Yang Chen ◽  
Suneet P. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Risk Ratios

Objective To compare neonatal and infant mortality rates stratified by gestational age (GA) between singletons and twins and examine the three leading causes of death among them. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study using the U.S. vital statistics datasets. The study was restricted to nonanomalous live births at 24 to 40 weeks delivered in 2005 to 2014. We used multivariable Poisson regression models with robust error variance to examine the association between birth plurality (singleton vs. twin) and mortality outcomes within each GA, while adjusting for confounders. The results were presented as adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of 26,292,747 live births, 96.6% were singletons and 3.4% were twins. At 29 to 36 weeks of GA, compared with singletons, twins had a lower risk of neonatal mortality (aRR: 0.37–0.78) and infant mortality (aRR: 0.54–0.86). When examined by GA, the three leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality varied between singletons and twins. Conclusion When stratified by GA, the risk of neonatal and infant mortality was lower at 29 to 36 weeks in twins than in singletons, though the cause of death varied.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MORBIDITY AND CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY IN POLTAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136-1139
Author(s):  
Tetiana V. Pluzhnikova ◽  
Oksana I. Krasnovа ◽  
Svitlana S. Kasinets ◽  
Svitlana M. Tanyanskaya ◽  
Natalia V. Yaroshenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Pediatric Service ◽  
The City

Introduction: Providing high-quality health care to the newborn is part of the national health system. The number of healthy children in Ukraine decreases annually. One of the main directions of development of the pediatric service is reduction of indicators of child mortality, increase of birth rate and strengthening of children’s health. The aim: To analyze the dynamics of morbidity and causes of infant mortality in the city of Poltava. Materials and methods: Medical and statistical - for collecting, processing and analyzing data, (descriptive and analytical statistics for determining relative indicators, absolute growth indicators), a systems approach and system analysis. Review: According to a study in the city of Poltava, there is a negative absolute increase in the birth rate of children. In the structure of the causes of death of the child population in the first place are the diseases of the period of birth of the newborn, in the second place - congenital anomalies of development. The third place in the structure of causes of death is occupied by diseases of the central nervous system. There is a clear decrease in the incidence of hemolytic disease, anemia, cardiac disorders, intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxiation. In the structure of birth injuries in newborns occupy closed clavicle fractures, plexitis of the newborn. Conclusions: Analysis of the incidence and causes of infant mortality in the city of Poltava suggests that in recent years there has been a decrease in fertility rates, an increase in morbidity rates. The reform should be aimed at improving the state of the pediatric service and the prevention of preterm labor.

scholarly journals Stillbirth, newborn and infant mortality: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i54-i62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M B Menezes ◽  
Fernando C Barros ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Economic Inequalities

Abstract Background Infant-mortality rates have been declining in many low- and middle-income countries, including Brazil. Information on causes of death and on socio-economic inequalities is scarce. Methods Four birth cohorts were carried out in the city of Pelotas in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015, each including all hospital births in the calendar year. Surveillance in hospitals and vital registries, accompanied by interviews with doctors and families, detected fetal and infant deaths and ascertained their causes. Late-fetal (stillbirth)-, neonatal- and post-neonatal-death rates were calculated. Results All-cause and cause-specific death rates were reduced. During the study period, stillbirths fell by 47.8% (from 16.1 to 8.4 per 1000), neonatal mortality by 57.0% (from 20.1 to 8.7) and infant mortality by 62.0% (from 36.4 to 13.8). Perinatal causes were the leading causes of death in the four cohorts; deaths due to infectious diseases showed the largest reductions, with diarrhoea causing 25 deaths in 1982 and none in 2015. Late-fetal-, neonatal- and infant-mortality rates were higher for children born to Brown or Black women and to low-income women. Absolute socio-economic inequalities based on income—expressed in deaths per 1000 births—were reduced over time but relative inequalities—expressed as ratios of mortality rates—tended to remain stable. Conclusion The observed improvements are likely due to progress in social determinants of health and expansion of health care. In spite of progress, current levels remain substantially greater than those observed in high-income countries, and social and ethnic inequalities persist.

scholarly journals Infant mortality in southern Brazil: a population based study of causes of death.

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Barros ◽  
C G Victora ◽  
J P Vaughan ◽  
A M Teixeira ◽  
A Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals Causes and Predictors of Mortality among HIV-Exposed Infants in Rural North-Central Nigeria: Results of a Simple Verbal Autopsy Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chamberline E. Ozigbu ◽  
Salome Erekaha ◽  
Eric E. Chinaeke ◽  
Tongdiyen L. Jasper ◽  
Gift Nwanne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Verbal Autopsy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
North Central ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Hiv Exposed Infants ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Abstract Background HIV-exposed infants (HEI) who die before diagnosis or treatment initiation, or who die in spite of being HIV-free constitute missed opportunities for reducing infant mortality. Verbal autopsy (VA) has been successfully applied in the collection of data to determine symptoms and circumstances surrounding death among infants, children and adults among populations that lack vital registration systems. There is little available data on rates and causes of death among HIV-exposed infants (HEI) in Nigeria. We used VA to characterize attributable causes and predictors of mortality among HEI in rural North-Central Nigeria.Methods Pregnant women living with HIV and HEI were enrolled at rural primary healthcare facilities and followed-up for 12 months, post-delivery. A simple 21-item VA instrument was used to collect infant mortality information from mothers, other family members, mentor mothers, and/or healthcare workers. Attributable causes of death were determined by physician coding. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of mortality.Results Data from 455 HIV-exposed infected and uninfected fetus/infant-mother pairs were analyzed. All mothers received anti-retroviral therapy. Seventy-five (16.5%) fetuses/infants died during gestation and within 12 months post-delivery. Forty (53.3%) deaths occurred in utero . The 12-month infant mortality risk among HEI in our study was 88.7/1,000. Among the 35 live-born infants, birth asphyxia (6/17, 35.3%) and sepsis (7/18, 38.9%) were the most common causes of death in the neonatal and post-neonatal periods, respectively. Unadjusted estimates showed that a greater proportion of deceased infants had mothers who did not deliver at a health facility (53.3 vs 31.8%, p=0.003), and who were newly HIV-diagnosed during pregnancy (69.3 vs 50.8%, p=0.029). Infants receiving nevirapine prophylaxis within 72 hours were less likely to have died (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9).Conclusions Early HIV diagnosis and treatment among women of child-bearing age, maternal access to facility delivery and timely infant antiretroviral prophylaxis should be programmatically strengthened to reduce HEI mortality. Additionally, robust monitoring and evaluation systems are needed to track and record deaths among HEI.

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