2004 Tuberculosis epidemiology report

Abstract In this chapter, we focus on mathematical models of tuberculosis epidemiology (TB) that include interactions with HIV and an explicit representation of transmission. We review the natural history of TB and illustrate how its features are simplified and incorporated in mathematical models. We then review the ways HIV influences the natural history of TB, the interventions that have been considered in models, and the way these individual-level effects are represented in models. We then go on to consider population-level effects, reviewing the TB/HIV modelling literature. We first review studies whose focus was on purely epidemiological modelling, and then studies whose focus was on modelling the impact of interventions. We conclude with a summary of the uses and achievements of TB/HIV modelling and some suggested future directions.

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Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Patients in Houston, Texas, by Spoligotyping

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.2.669-676.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 669-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Hanna Soini ◽

Xi Pan ◽

Amol Amin ◽

Edward A. Graviss ◽

Anees Siddiqui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Population Based ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Tuberculosis Epidemiology ◽

New Information ◽

Catalase Peroxidase ◽

A Subunit ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n= 1,429) from 1,283 patients collected as part of an ongoing population-based tuberculosis epidemiology study in Houston, Texas, were analyzed by spoligotyping and IS6110 profiling. The isolates were also assigned to one of three major genetic groups on the basis of nucleotide polymorphisms located at codons 463 and 95 in the genes (katG and gyrA) encoding catalase-peroxidase and the A subunit of DNA gyrase, respectively. A total of 225 spoligotypes were identified in the 1,429 isolates. There were 54 spoligotypes identified among 713 isolates (n= 623 patients) assigned to 73 IS6110 clusters. In addition, among 716 isolates (n = 660 patients) with unique IS6110 profiles, 200 spoligotypes were identified. No changes were observed either in the IS6110 profile or in the spoligotype for the 281 isolates collected sequentially from 133 patients. Five instances in which isolates with slightly different spoligotypes had the same IS6110 profile were identified, suggesting that in rare cases isolates with different spoligotypes can be clonally related. Spoligotypes correlated extremely well with major genetic group designations. Only three very similar spoligotypes were shared by isolates from genetic groups 2 and 3, and none was shared by group 1 and group 2 organisms or by group 1 and group 3 organisms. All organisms belonging to genetic groups 2 and 3 failed to hybridize with spacer probes 33 to 36. Taken together, the results support the existence of three distinct genetic groups of M. tuberculosis organisms and provide new information about the relationship between IS6110 profiles, spoligotypes, and major genetic groups of M. tuberculosis.

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Social proﬁle of tuberculosis in urban area

Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin ◽

10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-6-94-108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 94-108

Author(s):

G. S. Balasaniantc ◽

I. A. Bozhkov ◽

N. N. Buchkina ◽

M. G. Gutkin ◽

A. V. Derevyanko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Care Programme ◽

Primary Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Epidemiology ◽

Permanent Resident ◽

Individual Traits ◽

Patient Profiling ◽

Working Age ◽

Internal Migrants

Background. Tuberculosis is an infectious socially signiﬁcant disease. Apart from individual traits of the disease pathology, drug sensitivity and the availability of effective medicine and prevention, an important factor of its control is the patient’s social status. Social patient proﬁling in various locations across the country is vital for developing and deploying a high-quality and feasible tuberculosis care programme.Objectives. Social proﬁling of tuberculosis in St. Petersburg as an example of large urban area. Methods. We developed a questionnaire to assess 40 social parameters of a patient with tuberculosis. The study sample was representative and surveyed 666 (63.4%) and 704 (65.7%) patients with primary diagnosis in 2017 and 2018, respectively.Results. The survey showed almost no impact of external migration on tuberculosis epidemiology in St. Petersburg. Internal migrants counted 76 (11.4%) in 2017 and 96 (13.4%) in 2018, thus suggesting the majority of primary tuberculosis patients being permanent residents of St. Petersburg. The contribution of individuals with no ﬁxed abode to the incidence rate was also insigniﬁcant, 2.4% and 1.9%. Most patients were unemployed people of working age, 236 (35.4%) in 2017, 261 (37.1%) in 2018. Incidence among students as a younger population was lowest, 2.1% and 2.8%. Smokers accounted for half of total patients, 370 (55.6%) and 368 (52.3%). One in ﬁve patients carried HIV infection, with half of them not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Patients with unﬁnished secondary education and residing in collective dwellings were signiﬁcantly more frequent, whilst the proportion of persons with high income decreased. Over half of the patients had no family at primary diagnosis, and over a third had never been married.Conclusion. The social proﬁle of primary tuberculosis in an urban area is as follows: single man, near 40 years old, permanent resident, unemployed, working-age, smoker, resides in private abode, has secondary or secondary vocational education, low to average income.

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