Continuous compensatory audio manual tracking

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gray Costello
Keyword(s):  
Manual Tracking

scholarly journals Manual tracking enhances smooth pursuit eye movements

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diederick C. Niehorster ◽  
Wilfred W. F. Siu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Manual Tracking ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements

Kinematic Analysis of Manual Tracking in Monkeys: Characterization of Movement Intermittencies During a Circular Tracking Task

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Roitman ◽  
S. G. Massaquoi ◽  
K. Takahashi ◽  
T. J. Ebner
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Manual Tracking ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Direction Error ◽  
Speed Error ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Acceleration Force

Segmentation of the velocity profiles into the submovements has been observed in reaching and tracking limb movements and even in isometric tasks. Submovements have been implicated in both feed-forward and feedback control. In this study, submovements were analyzed during manual tracking in the nonhuman primate with the focus on the amplitude-duration scaling of submovements and the error signals involved in their control. The task consisted of the interception and visually guided pursuit of a target moving in a circle. The submovements were quantified based on their duration and amplitude in the speed profile. Control experiments using passive movements demonstrated that these intermittencies were not instrumentation artifacts. Submovements were prominent in both the interception and tracking phases and their amplitude scaled linearly with duration. The scaling factors increased with tracking speed at the same rate for both interception and pursuit. A cross-correlation analysis between a variety of error signals and the speed profile revealed that direction and speed errors were temporally coupled to the submovements. The cross-correlation profiles suggest that submovements are initiated when speed error reaches a certain limit and when direction error is minimized. The scaling results show that in monkeys submovements characterize both the interception and pursuit portions of the task and that these submovements have similar scaling properties consistent with 1) the concept of stereotypy and 2) adding constant acceleration/force at a specific tracking speed. The correlation results show involvement of speed and direction error signals in controlling the submovements.

scholarly journals Similarity in the Response of Smooth Pursuit and Manual Tracking to a Change in the Direction of Target Motion

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Engel ◽  
John H. Anderson ◽  
John F. Soechting
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Target Motion ◽  
Order System ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Manual Tracking ◽  
Target Direction ◽  
Pursuit Tracking

Subjects were asked to track, with their eyes or their hand, the movement of a target that maintained a constant speed and made a single, abrupt change in direction. The tracking speed and direction of motion after the step change in target direction were compared for the eyes and the hand. After removal of the saccades from the eye movement records, it was found that in both cases, there was a slow rotation from the initial direction to the new direction. For the eyes and the hand, it was found that this change in direction of movement occurred at a similar rate that was proportional to the magnitude of the abrupt change in target direction. This was further described by comparing the direction of pursuit tracking with the response of a second-order system to a step input. In addition, it was found that the speed of manual and pursuit tracking was modulated in a similar manner, with a reduction in tracking speed occurring before the change in tracking direction. This reduction in speed following the change in the direction of target motion was very similar for the hand and the eye, despite the large difference in the inertias of the two systems. Taken together, these data suggest that the neural mechanisms for smooth pursuit and manual tracking have common functional elements and that musculoskeletal dynamics do not appear to be a rate-limiting factor.

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