Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illicit Drug Consumption and Consequences in North Dakota: The North Dakota Epidemiological Profile

We study the NERA model that describes the dynamic evolution of illicit drug usage in a population. The model consists of nonusers (N) and three categories of drug users: the experimental (E) category, the recreational (R) category and the addict (A) category. Two epidemic threshold term known as the reproduction numbers, R0 and μ are defined and derived. Sensitivity analysis of R0 on the parameters are performed in order to determine their relative importance to illicit drug prevalence. The local and global stability of the equilibrium states are also analysed. We also prove that a transcritical bifurcation occurs at R0 = 1. It is shown that an effective campaign of prevention can help to fight against the prevalence of illicit drug consumption. We demonstrate persistence when R0 > 1 and conditions for the extinction of drug consumption are also established. Numerical simulations are performed to verify our model. Our results show that the NERA model can assist policy makers in targeting prevention for maximum effectiveness and can be used to adopt evidence-based policies to better monitor and quantify drug use trends.

Download Full-text

The context of leprosy in Brazil-Paraguay border

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232015211.20572014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 225-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Elizabeth Araujo Ajalla ◽

Sonia Maria Oliveira de Andrade ◽

Edson Mamoru Tamaki ◽

William Waissmann ◽

Sandra Helena Correia Diettrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Transmission Rates ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Information Unit ◽

The North ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Abstract In Brazil, leprosy is endemic in three regions: the North, Northeast, and Mid-West. Counties with contiguous binational urban areas are characterized by a constant fow of people, goods, and services, which facilitates the transmission of diseases and influences the epidemiological profile of leprosy. The purpose of this study was to examine territorial differences in relation to the incidence of leprosy, focusing on border counties with contiguous binational urban areas or otherwise. Each county was taken as an information unit for leprosy cases reported during 2001-2011, based on data from original notification records of the state's Department of Health. In counties with contiguous binational urban areas detection rates showed tendency to increase, Virchowian (lepromatous) disease and disability grade II predominated when compared with Groups II and III: 0.64 and 0.54/100,000 inhabitants for Virchowian desease and 0.14 and 0.27/100,000 inhabitants for disability grade II respectively, and were associated with higher transmission rates. The findings demonstrate the role of border areas in maintaining the endemicity of leprosy.

Download Full-text

Bison Ecology In The Northern Plains And A Reconstruction Of Bison Patterns For The North Dakota Region

Plains Anthropologist ◽

10.1080/2052546.1984.11909225 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 29 (104) ◽

pp. 93-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jeffery R. Hanson

Keyword(s):

North Dakota ◽

Northern Plains ◽

The North

Download Full-text

Relation of algal biovolume to chlorophyll a in selected lakes and wetlands in the north-central United States

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f95-043 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 416-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

James W. LaBaugh

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North Dakota ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Linear Relation ◽

Algal Biomass ◽

Open Water ◽

Light Penetration ◽

North Central ◽

The North ◽

Central United States

Algal chlorophyll a is commonly used as a surrogate for algal biomass. Data from three lakes in western Nebraska, five wetlands in north-central North Dakota, and two lakes in north-central Minnesota represented a range in algal biovolume of over four orders of magnitude and a range in chlorophyll a from less than 1 to 380 mg∙m−3. Analysis of these data revealed that there was a linear relation, log10 algal biovolume = 5.99 + 0.09 chlorophyll a (r2 = 0.72), for cases in which median values of chlorophyll a for open-water periods were less than 20 mg∙m−3. There was no linear relation in cases in which median chlorophyll a concentrations were larger than 20 mg∙m−3 for open-water periods, an occurrence found only in shallow prairies lakes and wetlands for years in which light penetration was the least.

Download Full-text