Cognitive Representation of Dual-Task Demands: Towards a Gestalt View of Human Action

Abstract Aging populations are at increased risk to experience mobility disability, which is associated with falls, frailty, and mortality. Previous studies have not examined the concurrent associations of both positive and negative affect with gait velocity. We examined whether individual differences in positive and negative affect predicted dual-task performance decrements in velocity in a dual-task (DT) paradigm in non-demented older adults. We hypothesize that positive affect would be associated with lower DT costs, and negative affect would be associated with higher DT costs. Participants (N = 403; mean age, = 76.22 (6.55); females = 56%) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and a DT paradigm that involved three task conditions: Single-Task-Walk (STW), Alpha (cognitive interference requiring participants to recite alternate letters of the alphabet), and Dual-Task-Walk (DTW) requiring participant to perform the two single tasks concurrently. Gait velocity was assessed via an instrumented walkway. As expected, results of a linear mixed effects model (LME) showed a significant decline in gait velocity (cm/s) from STW to DTW (estimate = -11.79; 95%CI = -12.82 to -10.77). LME results further revealed that negative affect was associated with greater decline in gait velocity from STW to DTW (ie., worse DT cost) (estimate = -0.38; 95%CI = -0.73 to -0.03). Positive affect did not, however, predict DT costs in gait velocity (estimate = -0.09; 95%CI = -0.23 to 0.05). These findings suggest that increased negative affect interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands inherent in the DT paradigm.

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The Association between High Neuroticism-Low Extraversion and Dual-Task Performance during Walking While Talking in Non-demented Older Adults

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715000570 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 519-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Brittany C. LeMonda ◽

Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽

Joe Verghese ◽

Roee Holtzer

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Task Performance ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Dual Task ◽

Stress Test ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Task Demands ◽

Gait Velocity ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Dual Task Performance

AbstractThe Walking While Talking (WWT) dual-task paradigm is a mobility stress test that predicts major outcomes, including falls, frailty, disability, and mortality in aging. Certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, extraversion, and their combination, have been linked to both cognitive and motor outcomes. We examined whether individual differences in personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion predicted dual-task performance decrements (both motor and cognitive) on a WWT task in non-demented older adults. We hypothesized that the combined effect of high neuroticism-low extraversion would be related to greater dual-task costs in gait velocity and cognitive performance in non-demented older adults. Participants (N=295; age range,=65–95 years; female=164) completed the Big Five Inventory and WWT task involving concurrent gait and a serial 7’s subtraction task. Gait velocity was obtained using an instrumented walkway. The high neuroticism-low extraversion group incurred greater dual-task costs (i.e., worse performance) in both gait velocity {95% confidence interval (CI) [−17.68 to −3.07]} and cognitive performance (95% CI [−19.34 to −2.44]) compared to the low neuroticism-high extraversion group, suggesting that high neuroticism-low extraversion interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands during the WWT task. Older individuals with high neuroticism-low extraversion may be at higher risk for falls, mobility decline and other adverse outcomes in aging. (JINS, 2015, 21, 519–530)

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Modulation of hyperactive error signals in obsessive–compulsive disorder by dual-task demands.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/abn0000134 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 292-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Julia Klawohn ◽

Tanja Endrass ◽

Julia Preuss ◽

Anja Riesel ◽

Norbert Kathmann

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Dual Task ◽

Task Demands ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Dual Task Demands and Gist-Based False Recognition of Pictures in Younger and Older Adults

Journal of Memory and Language ◽

10.1006/jmla.2000.2734 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 399-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Wilma Koutstaal ◽

Daniel L. Schacter ◽

Carolyn Brenner

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Dual Task ◽

False Recognition ◽

Task Demands

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Evaluating the Spectrum of Cognitive-Motor Relationships During Dual-Task Jump Landing

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2020-0388 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Patrick D. Fischer ◽

Keith A. Hutchison ◽

James N. Becker ◽

Scott M. Monfort

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Dual Task ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Task Demands ◽

Jump Landing ◽

Peak Knee

Cognitive function plays a role in understanding noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries, but the research into how cognitive function influences sport-specific movements is underdeveloped. The purpose of this study was to determine how various cognitive tasks influenced dual-task jump-landing performance along with how individuals’ baseline cognitive ability mediated these relationships. Forty female recreational soccer and basketball players completed baseline cognitive function assessments and dual-task jump landings. The baseline cognitive assessments quantified individual processing speed, multitasking, attentional control, and primary memory ability. Dual-task conditions for the jump landing included unanticipated and anticipated jump performance, with and without concurrent working memory and captured visual attention tasks. Knee kinematics and kinetics were acquired through motion capture and ground reaction force data. Jumping conditions that directed visual attention away from the landing, whether anticipated or unanticipated, were associated with decreased peak knee flexion angle (P < .001). No interactions between cognitive function measures and jump-landing conditions were observed for any of the biomechanical variables, suggesting that injury-relevant cognitive-motor relationships may be specific to secondary task demands and movement requirements. This work provides insight into group- and subject-specific effects of established anticipatory and novel working memory dual-task paradigms on the neuromuscular control of a sport-specific movement.

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Dual-task Demands on Performance Accuracy in Adults with Stroke: A Pilot Study

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1016/j.apmr.2020.09.230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 101 (11) ◽

pp. e76

Author(s):

Hogene Kim ◽

Hyunki Kim ◽

Jaehyuk Bae

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Dual Task ◽

Task Demands ◽

Performance Accuracy

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Aging and the vulnerability of speech to dual task demands.

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/a0020000 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 949-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Susan Kemper ◽

RaLynn Schmalzried ◽

Lesa Hoffman ◽

Ruth Herman

Keyword(s):

Dual Task ◽

Task Demands

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Speculation on the Neuropsychology of Teleoperation: Implications for Presence Research and Minimally Invasive Surgery

Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments ◽

10.1162/pres.17.2.199 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 199-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrew N. Healey

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Invasive Surgery ◽

Interface Design ◽

New Technology ◽

Human Action ◽

Task Demands ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Invasive Techniques ◽

Brain Processing

Teleoperation is now common in high-risk work domains, particularly in surgery with the extensive use of remote, minimally invasive techniques. While this new technology affords a novel means by which to control human action for surgical intervention, interface design often constrains the operator in unorthodox ways, requiring considerable adaptation and raising patient safety concerns. There is a need to objectively measure operator adaptation, evaluate varying teleoperator interface designs and assess the efficacy of the virtual reality trainers that simulate teleoperation. This paper highlights the potential for a neuroergonomic approach to these problems. It first delineates some of the task demands unique to teleoperation in minimally invasive surgery and then speculates on the neural basis of those tasks with reference to select neuropsychological literature. The integration of this literature serves to indicate that teleoperation may engage a unique pattern of brain processing and that neuropsychological measurement may therefore be useful in evaluating the design of the teleoperation interface and teleoperator adaptation.

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