scholarly journals Aging and the vulnerability of speech to dual task demands.

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kemper ◽  
RaLynn Schmalzried ◽  
Lesa Hoffman ◽  
Ruth Herman
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Demands

scholarly journals Association of Affect and Gait Performance in Dual-Task Walking in Non-Demented Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Deepan Guharajan ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Aging populations are at increased risk to experience mobility disability, which is associated with falls, frailty, and mortality. Previous studies have not examined the concurrent associations of both positive and negative affect with gait velocity. We examined whether individual differences in positive and negative affect predicted dual-task performance decrements in velocity in a dual-task (DT) paradigm in non-demented older adults. We hypothesize that positive affect would be associated with lower DT costs, and negative affect would be associated with higher DT costs. Participants (N = 403; mean age, = 76.22 (6.55); females = 56%) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and a DT paradigm that involved three task conditions: Single-Task-Walk (STW), Alpha (cognitive interference requiring participants to recite alternate letters of the alphabet), and Dual-Task-Walk (DTW) requiring participant to perform the two single tasks concurrently. Gait velocity was assessed via an instrumented walkway. As expected, results of a linear mixed effects model (LME) showed a significant decline in gait velocity (cm/s) from STW to DTW (estimate = -11.79; 95%CI = -12.82 to -10.77). LME results further revealed that negative affect was associated with greater decline in gait velocity from STW to DTW (ie., worse DT cost) (estimate = -0.38; 95%CI = -0.73 to -0.03). Positive affect did not, however, predict DT costs in gait velocity (estimate = -0.09; 95%CI = -0.23 to 0.05). These findings suggest that increased negative affect interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands inherent in the DT paradigm.

scholarly journals The Association between High Neuroticism-Low Extraversion and Dual-Task Performance during Walking While Talking in Non-demented Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany C. LeMonda ◽  
Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Dual Task Performance

AbstractThe Walking While Talking (WWT) dual-task paradigm is a mobility stress test that predicts major outcomes, including falls, frailty, disability, and mortality in aging. Certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, extraversion, and their combination, have been linked to both cognitive and motor outcomes. We examined whether individual differences in personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion predicted dual-task performance decrements (both motor and cognitive) on a WWT task in non-demented older adults. We hypothesized that the combined effect of high neuroticism-low extraversion would be related to greater dual-task costs in gait velocity and cognitive performance in non-demented older adults. Participants (N=295; age range,=65–95 years; female=164) completed the Big Five Inventory and WWT task involving concurrent gait and a serial 7’s subtraction task. Gait velocity was obtained using an instrumented walkway. The high neuroticism-low extraversion group incurred greater dual-task costs (i.e., worse performance) in both gait velocity {95% confidence interval (CI) [−17.68 to −3.07]} and cognitive performance (95% CI [−19.34 to −2.44]) compared to the low neuroticism-high extraversion group, suggesting that high neuroticism-low extraversion interferes with the allocation of attentional resources to competing task demands during the WWT task. Older individuals with high neuroticism-low extraversion may be at higher risk for falls, mobility decline and other adverse outcomes in aging. (JINS, 2015, 21, 519–530)

Modulation of hyperactive error signals in obsessive–compulsive disorder by dual-task demands.

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Klawohn ◽  
Tanja Endrass ◽  
Julia Preuss ◽  
Anja Riesel ◽  
Norbert Kathmann
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Dual Task Demands and Gist-Based False Recognition of Pictures in Younger and Older Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Koutstaal ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
Carolyn Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Task Demands

Evaluating the Spectrum of Cognitive-Motor Relationships During Dual-Task Jump Landing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Fischer ◽  
Keith A. Hutchison ◽  
James N. Becker ◽  
Scott M. Monfort
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Peak Knee

Cognitive function plays a role in understanding noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries, but the research into how cognitive function influences sport-specific movements is underdeveloped. The purpose of this study was to determine how various cognitive tasks influenced dual-task jump-landing performance along with how individuals’ baseline cognitive ability mediated these relationships. Forty female recreational soccer and basketball players completed baseline cognitive function assessments and dual-task jump landings. The baseline cognitive assessments quantified individual processing speed, multitasking, attentional control, and primary memory ability. Dual-task conditions for the jump landing included unanticipated and anticipated jump performance, with and without concurrent working memory and captured visual attention tasks. Knee kinematics and kinetics were acquired through motion capture and ground reaction force data. Jumping conditions that directed visual attention away from the landing, whether anticipated or unanticipated, were associated with decreased peak knee flexion angle (P < .001). No interactions between cognitive function measures and jump-landing conditions were observed for any of the biomechanical variables, suggesting that injury-relevant cognitive-motor relationships may be specific to secondary task demands and movement requirements. This work provides insight into group- and subject-specific effects of established anticipatory and novel working memory dual-task paradigms on the neuromuscular control of a sport-specific movement.

Dual Task Demands On Encoding And Retrieval Processes: Evidence From Healthy Adult Ageing

Cortex ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Sergio Della Sala ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Janine Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

scholarly journals Age Affects the Attentional Demands of Stair Ambulation: Evidence From a Dual-Task Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1080-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi A. Ojha ◽  
Rebecca W. Kern ◽  
Chien-Ho Janice Lin ◽  
Carolee J. Winstein
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Attentional Demands ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Stair Ambulation

Background: Approximately 75% of all injury-producing falls on steps for people of all ages occur in people 65 years of age and older. Diminished attentional capacity contributes to fall risk in older adults, particularly when task demands are high. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the attentional demands of ascending and descending a set of stairs (stair ambulation) in older adults and younger adults. Design: This was a nonblinded, prospective, single-site, observational cohort study. Methods: Ten older (&gt;65 years of age) and 10 younger (21–33 years of age) adults without disabilities were recruited. A dual-task approach was used for 2 task conditions: the first task was standing and responding verbally to an unanticipated auditory tone as quickly as possible (probe task), and the second task was ascending or descending a set of stairs with the same probe task. A 2-factor (group × task) analysis of variance with repeated measures on task (standing and stair ambulation) was performed for voice response time (VRT). Significance for the analysis was set at P&lt;.05. Results: The group × task interaction was significant for VRT. Post hoc analyses indicated that during stair ambulation, the VRT for older adults was significantly longer than that for younger adults. For the standing task, the VRTs (X̅±SD) were similar for younger (322±65 milliseconds) and older (306±22 milliseconds) participants. For stair ascent and descent, the average VRTs were more than 100 milliseconds longer for older participants (493±113 and 470±127 milliseconds, respectively) than for younger participants (365±56 and 356±67 milliseconds, respectively). Limitations: Because of the small sample size and generally fit older group, generalization of findings to older people at risk for falls is not recommended until further research is done. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that although both older and younger adults required similar attentional resources for the standing task, older adults required significantly more resources during stair ambulation. The findings suggested that the dual-task method used here provided a clinically useful measure for detecting important changes in attentional demands in older adults who are healthy.

scholarly journals Effects of concurrent task demands on language planning in fluent children and adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAYANTHI SASISEKARAN ◽  
CARA DONOHUE
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Distractor Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Secondary Tasks

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate how children and adults allocate cognitive resources to performing segmental encoding and monitoring in a dual-task paradigm and the response patterns of the primary and secondary tasks in the dual task. Participants were 20 children divided equally into two age groups (7–11 and 12–15 years) and 10 adults. The primary task required participants to monitor phonemic segments in a picture–written word interference paradigm while silently naming the pictures. The picture and distractor word were the same (replica), related (phoneme onset overlap), or unrelated. The secondary task required participants to make pitch judgments on tones presented at short (330 ms) or long (1130 ms) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) from picture onset. Developmental differences were observed in both response times and percentage errors in the primary and secondary tasks. Slower responses to the primary task were evident at the long SOA, related condition. Slower response times to the tone decision task were evident at the short rather than the long SOA. The findings support the capacity sharing account of dual-task performance and suggest that dual-task costs during language planning are higher in children than in adults.

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