Intention-Interference in Prospective Memory: Spontaneous Noticing or Spontaneous Retrieval?

The interaction of cue-word specificity in instructions and cue-word familiarity on prospective performance was examined. Exp. 1 was based on a typical prospective memory paradigm using familiar and unfamiliar cue words. Prospective memory performances under general and specific instruction conditions were compared. In Exp. 2, the relationship found in Exp. 1 was further investigated based on the activation of cue words and prospective memory performance. The experimental results indicated that, when a spontaneous retrieval process was used, unfamiliar cues were more likely to be detected, whereas when only strategic monitoring played a role, familiar cues were more likely to be detected, suggesting that retrieval varied systematically across experimental situations, as predicted by the multiprocess model.

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Control of cost in prospective memory: Evidence for spontaneous retrieval processes.

Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition ◽

10.1037/a0017732 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 190-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Michael K. Scullin ◽

Mark A. McDaniel ◽

Gilles O. Einstein

Keyword(s):

Prospective Memory ◽

Retrieval Processes ◽

Spontaneous Retrieval

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Prospective memory and aging: preserved spontaneous retrieval, but impaired deactivation, in older adults

Memory & Cognition ◽

10.3758/s13421-011-0106-z ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1232-1240 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Michael K. Scullin ◽

Julie M. Bugg ◽

Mark A. McDaniel ◽

Gilles O. Einstein

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Spontaneous Retrieval

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Spontaneous Retrieval Without Reminder on Prospective Memory: A Diary Study

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633262013-807 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Hisato Imai ◽

Yukiko Ishii

Keyword(s):

Prospective Memory ◽

Diary Study ◽

Spontaneous Retrieval

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Differential Focal and Nonfocal Prospective Memory Accuracy in a Demographically Diverse Group of Nondemented Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617714000964 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1015-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Susan Y. Chi ◽

Laura A. Rabin ◽

Avner Aronov ◽

Joshua Fogel ◽

Ashu Kapoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Primary Analysis ◽

Control Functions ◽

Retrieval Processes ◽

Spontaneous Retrieval

AbstractAlthough prospective memory (PM) is compromised in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), it is unclear which specific cognitive processes underlie these PM difficulties. We investigated older adults’ performance on a computerized event-based focal versus nonfocal PM task that made varying demands on the amount of attentional control required to support intention retrieval. Participants were nondemented individuals (mean age=81.8 years; female=66.1%) enrolled in a community-based longitudinal study, including those with amnestic MCI (aMCI), nonamnestic MCI (naMCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and healthy controls (HC). Participants included in the primary analysis (n=189) completed the PM task and recalled and/or recognized both focal and nonfocal PM cues presented in the task. Participants and their informants also completed a questionnaire assessing everyday PM failures. Relative to HC, those with aMCI and naMCI were significantly impaired in focal PM accuracy (p<.05). In a follow-up analysis that included 13 additional participants who successfully recalled and/or recognized at least one of the two PM cues, the naMCI group showed deficits in nonfocal PM accuracy (p<.05). There was a significant negative correlation between informant reports of PM difficulties and nonfocal PM accuracy (p<.01). PM failures in aMCI may be primarily related to impairment of spontaneous retrieval processes associated with the medial temporal lobe system, while PM failures in naMCI potentially indicate additional deficits in executive control functions and prefrontal systems. The observed focal versus nonfocal PM performance profiles in aMCI and naMCI may constitute specific behavioral markers of PM decline that result from compromise of separate neurocognitive systems. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–13)

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The Dynamic Interplay Between Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes Supporting Prospective Remembering

Current Directions in Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0963721417700504 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 352-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jill Talley Shelton ◽

Michael K. Scullin

Keyword(s):

Prospective Memory ◽

Dual Process ◽

Dual Processes ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Process Theories ◽

Spontaneous Retrieval ◽

Prospective Remembering ◽

Dual Process Theories ◽

And Behavior

Like many dual process theories in the psychological sciences, existing models of prospective memory (i.e., remembering to execute future intentions) emphasize the role of singular top-down or bottom-up processes that act in isolation. We argue that top-down and bottom-up processes are interconnected and dynamically interact to support prospective memory. We elaborate on this dynamic multiprocess framework by focusing on recent behavioral, neuroimaging, and eye-tracking research that demonstrated the dynamic nature of monitoring (top-down) and spontaneous retrieval (bottom-up) processes in relation to contextual factors, metacognition, and individual differences. We conclude that identifying how dual processes interact with environmental and individual difference factors is crucial for advancing understanding of cognition and behavior.

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Prospective Memory Impairment in Remembering to Remember in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Subjects

Early Detection and Rehabilitation Technologies for Dementia ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-559-9.ch012 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 98-106

Author(s):

Nobuko Ota ◽

Shinichiro Maeshima ◽

Aiko Osawa ◽

Miho Kawarada ◽

Jun Tanemura

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Prospective Memory ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Divergent Thinking ◽

Memory Test ◽

Spontaneous Retrieval ◽

Low Performance ◽

Fluency Test

The authors of this chapter studied the prospective memory (PM) performance of 20 older people using the message task in delayed recall from the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) (Wilson, Cockburn, & Baddeley, 1985; Watamori, Hara, Miyamori, & Eto, 2002). Nine of the subjects had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), while the remaining 11 were healthy subjects (HS). The retrievals in PM were divided into two components: remembering to remember and remembering the content (Umeda, & Koyazu, 1998). Cockburn (1995) suggested that four stages existed in the PM retrieval process: encoding, retention, recognition of the prospective memory cue (PM cue) and retrieval of the intended action. The authors administered neuropsychological tests corresponding to each of these stages to investigate the impairment process. Ten subjects showed impairment in remembering to remember and had low performance in encoding, recognition and retrieval in both the auditory verbal memory test and the fluency test, which requires divergent thinking and semantic memory. The other ten subjects were unimpaired, but they also showed low performance in the recognition process of the PM cue with the fluency test. Neither the MCI nor the HS showed impairment in remembering the content. The results suggest that PM impairment in remembering to remember for both MCI and HS results from impairments in frontal lobe function and retrospective memory in the auditory verbal task related to the cue accessibility of spontaneous retrieval.

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