Indicator Profile of Domestic Violence During the Perinatal Time Period: Percentage of Utah Women Who Reported Physical Abuse the Year Before Pregnancy, or During Pregnancy by Maternal Age, Utah PRAMS, 2004-2008

Using Holden’s taxonomy of domestic violence (DV) exposure as a guiding framework, the current study examined young adults’ diverse DV exposure experiences. Twenty-five young adults (ages 19-25) exposed to father-perpetrated DV during their childhood and adolescence were interviewed using a qualitative descriptive design. Data analyses focused on coercive control exposure through reports of non-physical abuse tactics, types of exposure (e.g., direct, indirect), physical violence exposure (e.g., severity, frequency), and child abuse and harsh parenting practices. DV-exposed young adults were directly and indirectly exposed to physical violence and an array of non-physical abuse tactics toward their mothers. Young adults categorized as having been exposed to coercive controlling violence reported exposure to ongoing, non-physical abuse tactics and more frequent and severe physical violence. These young adults were also more likely to intervene and become victimized during physical violence and reported repeated episodes of child abuse and harsh parenting. Although coercive control appeared to be associated with physical violence and child abuse, generalizations should be made with caution as a few participants exposed to situational conflict were exposed to frequent and severe DV. The findings suggest that DV exposure should be measured in methodologically sophisticated ways to capture the heterogeneity in experiences, with the goal of promoting empirically driven intervention and prevention initiatives that are tailored to individual and family needs.

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Twinning and Multiple Birth Rates According to Maternal Age in the City of São Paulo, Brazil: 2003–2014

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2016.75 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 679-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Emma Otta ◽

Eloisa de S. Fernandes ◽

Tiziana G. Acquaviva ◽

Tania K. Lucci ◽

Leda C. Kiehl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Age ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Multiple Births ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Multiple Birth ◽

São Paulo ◽

Historical Time ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Time Period ◽

The City

The present study investigates the twinning rates in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, during the years 2003–2014. The data were drawn from the Brazilian Health Department database of Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos de São Paulo—SINASC (Live Births Information System of São Paulo). In general, more information is available on the incidence of twinning in developed countries than in developing ones. A total of 24,589 twin deliveries and 736 multiple deliveries were registered in 140 hospitals of São Paulo out of a total of 2,056,016 deliveries during the studied time period. The overall average rates of singleton, twin, and multiple births per 1,000 maternities (‰) were 987.43, 11.96 (dizygotic (DZ) rate was 7.15 and monozygotic (MZ) 4.42), and 0.36, respectively. We further regressed maternal age and historical time period on percentage of singleton, twin, and multiple birth rates. Our results indicated that maternal age strongly positively predicted twin and multiple birth rates, and negatively predicted singleton birth rates. The historical time period also positively, although weakly, predicted twin birth rates, and had no effect on singleton or multiple birth rates. Further, after applying Weinberg's differential method, we computed regressions separately for the estimated frequencies of DZ and MZ twin rates. DZ twinning was strongly positively predicted by maternal age and, to a smaller degree, by time period, while MZ twinning increased marginally only with higher maternal age. Factors such as increasing body mass index or air pollution can lead to the slight historical increase in DZ twinning rates. Importantly, consistent with previous cross-cultural and historical research, our results support the existence of an age-dependent physiological mechanism that leads to a strong increase in twinning and multiple births, but not singleton births, among mothers of higher age categories. From the ultimate perspective, twinning and multiple births in later age can lead to higher individual reproductive success near the end of the reproductive career of the mother.

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The Co-occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Domestic Violence: Examining Both Neglect and Child Physical Abuse

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/107755902237264 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 349-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Carolyn Copps Hartley

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Child Physical Abuse

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Correlates of Domestic Violence Victimization Among North Korean Refugee Women in South Korea

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515622297 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (13) ◽

pp. 2037-2058 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mee Young Um ◽

Hee Jin Kim ◽

Lawrence A. Palinkas

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

South Korea ◽

Gender Role ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Sociocultural Adaptation ◽

Multiple Forms ◽

Gender Role Beliefs ◽

Economic Abuse ◽

Refugee Women

Although many North Korean (NK) refugee women are victims of domestic violence (DV) in North Korea, face sexual exploitation during migration, and remain at risk of DV while adapting to life in South Korea, there is no empirical evidence about risk factors for DV in this population. To fill this gap, this study examined whether gender role beliefs, child abuse history, and sociocultural adaptation were associated with past-year physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse, and whether they were associated with multiple forms of abuse. We also explored whether these associations were similar or different across different types of DV among NK refugee women. A sample of 180 ever-married NK refugee women in South Korea from the 2010 National Survey on Family Violence was used for analysis. Physical abuse was associated with more traditional gender role beliefs; emotional abuse and multiple forms of abuse were associated with lower levels of sociocultural adaptation; and sexual and economic abuse were associated with an increased likelihood of childhood abuse and poor sociocultural adaptation. Our study findings underscore the importance of assisting NK refugee women to be better adapted to the new culture in a practical way, because better sociocultural adaptation might protect them from experiencing various types of abuse. At the same time, findings of this study highlight the need for empowering NK refugee women who report physical abuse by educating their rights and altering their traditional beliefs of gender roles, and screening of childhood abuse and providing culturally sensitive psychotherapy to those who report sexual or economic abuse. Moreover, we suggest future studies to examine correlates of different forms of abuse separately because they can inform culturally tailored interventions for abused NK refugee women. To prevent further victimization, educational programs should be provided to NK refugee women at an early stage of resettlement in South Korea.

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