A Pilot Exploratory Study to Form Subgroups Using Cluster Analysis of Family Needs Survey Scores for Providing Tailored Support to Parents Caring for a Population-Based Sample of 5-Year-Old Children with Developmental Concerns

In a population-based developmental screening program, healthcare providers face a practical problem with respect to the formation of groups to efficiently address the needs of the parents whose children are screened positive. This small-scale pilot study explored the usefulness of cluster analysis to form type-specific support groups based on the Family Needs Survey (FNS) scores. All parents (N = 68), who accompanied their 5-year-old children to appointments for formal assessment and diagnostic interviews in the second phase of screening, completed the FNS as part of a developmental questionnaire package. The FNS scores of a full dataset (N = 55) without missing values were subjected to hierarchical and K-means cluster analyses. As the final solution, hierarchical clustering with a three-cluster solution was selected over K-means clustering because the hierarchical clustering solution produced three clusters that were similar in size and meaningful in each profile pattern: Cluster 1—high need for information and professional support (N = 20); cluster 2—moderate need for information support (N = 16); cluster 3—high need for information and moderate need for other support (N = 19). The range of cluster sizes was appropriate for managing and providing tailored services and support for each group. Thus, this pilot study demonstrated the utility of cluster analysis to classify parents into support groups, according to their needs.

Contributions of Agroforestry Systems to Food Provisioning of Peasant Households: Conflicts and Synergies in Chiapas, Mexico

Traditional agroforestry systems are widely recognized for their contributions to provisioning, support, regulation, and cultural services. However, because of the advancement of industrial agriculture and a corporative food system, peasants' food systems are rapidly undergoing transformation. We identify the contributions of four types of agroforestry systems (AFS)—shade cocoa agroforest, shade coffee agroforest, milpas and homegardens—to food provisioning in peasant families and discuss conflicts between traditional food systems and the contemporary industrial model of production and consumption confronted by peasants and semi-proletarian migrants. We carried out research in 17 peasant communities in Chiapas, Mexico, and conducted 97 semi-structured interviews and agroecological inventories with peasant families, and 15 interviews with semi-proletarian families laboring in shade-grown coffee plantations. Thirty-nine weekly food diaries were applied in two communities. We recorded 108 plant species belonging to 49 botanic families. These species play an important role as sources of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. Despite the extraordinary agrobiodiversity of peasant agroecosystems, peasant families (PF) are changing their AFS' structure, composition and functions due to the influence of agribusiness, global markets, and public policies that orient changes in production and marketing, which in turn devalue local food, agrobiodiversity, and knowledge. Changing perceptions regarding the value of “good food” vs. “food of the poor” and competition over land use between traditional and modern systems are driving changes in diet, food sources, and health of PF who are including industrialized foods in their diets, driving changes in consumption patterns and affecting human health. For semi-proletarian migrants laboring in coffee plantations, land access in and outside of the plantation and strengthening social networks could mean access to healthier and culturally appropriate foods. While peasants have historically responded to market and household needs, articulating both activities to satisfy family needs and provide income is limited. This work highlights the urgent need to acknowledge the non-monetary value of local foods, agrobiodiversity, local knowledge, community building, and the need to work towards securing land access for landless workers in Latin America.

Program Pemberian Kompensasi Pegawai Dalam Mendukung Tujuan Organisasi

Compensation programs need to be aligned with organizational policies and objectives. This article is a literature review on employee compensation programs in support of organizational policies and goals. Organizations can use a combination of fixed-variable compensation, direct-indirect compensation according to organizational goals. Fixed compensation is more appropriate for routine work, whereas variable compensation is more appropriate for behavioral incentives and performance-based management. The amount of direct compensation will provide autonomy for employees in spending their family needs, however, it does not guarantee employees to allocate it, such as for: education and training costs, sports, health insurance, old age insurance, recreation. These costs are more suitable for indirect compensation. Organizations can consider the amount of compensation both in planning, evaluation through several factors, namely internal employees, organizational environment, and external environment. Keyword: planning program, compensation, fixed-variable compensation, and organization.

Facilitating family needs and support at the end of life in hospital: A descriptive study

Background: Caring for family members of dying patients is a vital component of end-of-life care, yet family members’ needs at the end of life may be unmet. Aim: To explore hospital clinician assessment and facilitation of family needs and practices to support families at the end of life. Design: Descriptive study utilising a retrospective medical record audit. Setting and Sample: Undertaken in a large public hospital, the sample included 200 deceased patients from four specialities; general medicine ( n = 50), intensive care ( n = 50), inpatient palliative care ( n = 50) and aged rehabilitation ( n = 50). Data were analysed according to age; under 65-years and 65-years or over. Results: Deceased patients’ mean age was 75-years, 60% were Christian and Next-of-Kin were documented in 96% of cases. 79% spoke English, yet interpreters were used in only 6% of cases. Formal family meetings were held in 64% of cases. An assessment of family needs was undertaken in 52% of cases, and more likely for those under 65-years ( p = 0.027). Cultural/religious practices were supported/facilitated in only 6% of all cases. Specialist palliative care involvement was more likely for those aged 65-years or over ( p = 0.040) and social work involvement more likely for those under 65-years ( p = 0.002). Pastoral care and bereavement support was low across the whole sample. Conclusions: Prioritising family needs should be core to end-of-life care. Anticipation of death should trigger routine referral to support personnel/services to ensure practice is guided by family needs. More research is needed to evaluate how family needs assessment can inform end-of-life care, supported by policy.

Study on Needs Analysis of Family Multiliteracy Competence from Program Keluarga Harapan

Yogyakarta is considered a very liveable area. However, there are still underlying problems, including low wages and poverty. The goal of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is to empower, because it does not only focus on providing assistance, but also on changing the community’s mindset. This study aimed to carry out a needs analysis, to understand the multiliteracy skills of beneficiary families. As mentioned above, the help provided by this program is not only in the form of bestowals, but also through efforts to increase empowerment. Data were collected through a qualitative online survey, observations and interviews. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Family Development Session served as a form of non-formal education for families. The findings on the literacy of beneficiary families showed that there was insufficient understanding of child care and learning assistance, financial management and entrepreneurial motivation. Participants had difficulty understanding the material presented. Keywords: empowerment, family, needs analysis, multiliteracy, Program Keluarga Harapan

The Role of the Family in the Restoration and Preservation of Yoruba Cultural Heritage

Yoruba people have a unique cultural heritage which engulfs every aspect of their lives; hence, guides them in their daily activities. It was borne in their heart, incise in their offspring, and pass from one generation to another. Unfortunately, this cultural heritage is almost lost today, as civilization has denigrated almost all these cherished cultural values in Yoruba communities. Undoubtedly, the family where the whole cultural decadence started from has great roles to play in restoring and preserving these cultural values. This is the thrust of this work. The essay is therefore approached from historical and ethical perspectives with phenomenological methodology to examine the cherished Yoruba cultural heritage. The findings of the work show that moral training through informal education; means of identity; communal responsibilities; ascribed roles; etc., are missing among the youths today. The paper adopts Mary Jo Hatch’s theory of cultural dynamics to examine the changes in Yoruba cultural heritage, the causes of decadence of this heritage; and the role of the family in enthroning Yoruba cultural heritage among the youths today. The essay recommends that family needs to rise for the restoration and 70 Awofeko Oyebanjo, and Shogunle preservation of these cultural heritages to combat the socio-cultural threat confronting the society.

USED CAR PRICE PREDICTION

Cars have become a necessity in this modern world. Every middle class family needs a vehicle or a mode of transport in order to move from one place to another. Not everyone is able to afford a new vehicle as they are costly and there’s an added cost of taxes and various other expenses by both the provider/company of the car as well as the government. Moreover, not every customer is sure of spending a sum of their wealth on a certain car. The product might not meet their needs. The solution to this problem of having a car despite not being able to afford one is met by buying and selling second hand cars. It has become its own market now. There are already numerous companies and websites and app based services that serve as a mediator or a platform for the dealing of second hand or used cars and other vehicles. Establishment of such places is easy but there is another problem that still remains- How to price the used car appropriately at a price comfortable for both the seller and the buyer? Luckily, the Used Car Price Prediction systems exist and can be developed. Users might think that it’s easy to determine the price of a used car, and whether there is even a need to have such a system. In truth, there are a lot of factors that are important in determining the price of a second hand vehicle. The quality of a vehicle deteriorates with age1 of course but that is not all. Every single vehicle is different even when it is manufactured and sold as a new product and even more so when the same vehicle is used over time. Different people may use their vehicles more or less depending on their everyday activity, making kilometers driven as one of the important factors for the price prediction. It is obvious that a vehicle which is driven for 2000 kilometers in 1 year would be priced less than a vehicle which has been driven for only 500 kilometers in 2 years. This is just one of the factors that determine the price of a used car. In our Car Price Prediction System, we have used the Year of Manufacturing (used to determine the age of the vehicle by subtracting this from the date of selling), the original maximum retail price of the vehicle (the price at which the vehicle was sold at from the manufacturing company/garage), the fuel type of the vehicle (Petrol, Diesel, CNG, Electric ; This affects the pricing severely as different fuel type engines have different prime performance periods and different rates of deterioration), Seller Type (Individual or Dealership), Transmission (Manual or Automatic), Number of past owners of the vehicle. Using all these factors2, we are going to determine which model is best to determine a price for the used vehicle. For the Car Price Prediction System, Regression models3are used since these models give the results as a continuous curve instead of a categorized value as a result. Due to this, we can use the continuous curve to determine an accurate price for each and every scenario which won’t be possible if the results obtained were in the form of a range. The final model of the system will implement the best suited algorithm and have a UI (User Interface) which make it possible for a user to be able to enter the values of these deciding factors and the system will predict the price for them. Keywords: Car price prediction, machine learning, regression analysis, linear regression, correlation analysis

THE STRATEGY OF INFORMAL SECTOR TRADERS TO FACE PANDEMIC COVID-19 IN MAROS CITY

The informal sector is a sector that has a huge impact during pandemic covid-19, because they cannot do their usual activities. The government’s policy in the form of PSBB restricts their movements to run their business, such as meatball and vegetable seller and who are in the front of the shops. This research described the strategy used by meatball and vegetable sellers during pandemic. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through interview, observation, and library study. The study result showed that during pandemic covid-19, the informal sector traders felt the decrease sales impact of which affected the income of meatball and vegetable traders, thus reducing their trading capital. They were in dilemma for wanting to run business and afraid of being to covid-19. Therefore, the meatball seller dealt by making various efforts so that their family needs are met and their business still survived by changing the marketing system selectively for goods being marketed and changing the debt-payment mechanism.

Determinants of Purchasing Halal Food for Housewives

This study aims to determine how the influence of Lifestyle, Religiosity, Product Quality on Purchase Decisions in the Tokopedia application through buying interest as an intervening variable. In this study, data collection was carried out through the provision of questionnaires distributed and filled out by housewives who had used and made buying and selling transactions at Tokopedia in Semarang Regency. This type of research uses quantitative research. Data analysis in this study consisted of classical assumption test, instrument test, statistical test, path analysis test which was processed through the SPSS application. With the results of the test of all variables, it can be shown that the easier technology is to influence the purchasing decisions of housewives in meeting family needs, especially in fulfilling halal food.