Some economically useful signs of the pigs of a Large White breed in OOO “Rossyia”

The researches were carried out in ООО “Rossyia” of the Mozhginsky district of the Udmurt Republic. The object of the research was the sows of the main herd of a Large White pig breed. The reproductive qualities of the sows were studied according to such indicators as: the multiple births, the milkness, the mass of a nest in 2 months. The study of reproductive qualities was carried out using breeding cards of the sows and a book for registering farrowing and offspring of the pigs. The evaluation of the reproductive qualities of sows was carried out by calculating the indicators of a variational statistics: the arithmetic mean, the mean quadrate deviation, the coefficients of the variation, the heritability, the correlation. The indicator of a variational statistics was calculated according to the method of N.A. Plokhinsky. The reliability of the coefficients of the heritability and the correlation was determined using Student's t-test. Then studying the reproductive qualities of the sows of the main herd it was established that the multiple births in the average was 10.61 heads, the milkness — 51.34 kg, and the mass of a nest in 2 months — 156.72 kg. Hereat the coefficient of the variability on the multiple births was 12.95%, on the milkness — 8.41%, and on the mass of a nest in 2 months — 10.02%. The coefficient of heritability on the multiple births was 15.00%, on the milkness — 20.00%, and on the mass of a nest in 2 months — 25.00% (P > 0.999). The coefficients of the correlation between the multiple births and the milkness and the multiple births and the mass of a nest in 2 months, respectively, were r = +0.769 and r = + 0.474, and the coefficient of the correlation between the milkness and the mass of a nest in 2 months — r = + 0.754 under the probability of the infallible prognoses P > 0.999.

Effectiveness of Helmet Therapy in Infants with Positional Skull Deformity: A Literature Review

Background: Positional skull deformity usually manifests during first six months of life due to various factors like premature births or multiple births, improper positioning of infant’s head as the head of an infant is softer than the older children’s head, thus leading to either positional brachycephaly or positional plagiocephaly. Early helmet therapy intervention may improve the shape of the skull by reducing the risk of secondary cosmetic and nervous system complications. Aim: To study the effectiveness of helmet therapy in infants with positional skull deformity. Methods: The data source for this literature review is done by studying and reviewing articles through various data like Pub Med, Google Scholar, science direct, Elsevier and medicine Cochrane library. Conclusion: Helmet therapy is contemplated to be effective in the treatment of mild-moderate-severe positional skull deformity than repositioning therapy by improving the structure of the misshaped skull, as well as the use of helmet therapy is reviewed not to hinder the head circumference growth in infants.

INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF FEEDING ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITIES OF SERVICE DOGS

The article presents the results of a study of indicators of reproductive ability of dogs of the German Shepherd breed when fed with natural products and dry food. The indices of reproductive function of dogs, multiple births, stillbirth and preservation of puppies for weaning were studied. Statistically significant differences were established in some indicators of the reproductive ability of the German Shepherd, which allows us to conclude about the possible influence of the type of feeding on these traits.

Under Age Five Children Survival Times in Nigeria: A Bayesian Spatial Modelling Approach

Background: Nigeria is among the top five countries in the world with the highest under-five mortality rates. In addition to the general leading causes of under-five mortality, studies have shown that disparities in sociocultural values and practices across ethnic groups in Nigeria influence child survival, thus there is a need for scientific validation. Methods: The approach commonly adopted in multilevel modeling of the under-five mortality rate in Nigeria is to consider child death status as a binary outcome variable. In this manner, information about the time localization of mortality risk is lost in the process. This study quantified the impact of socioeconomic and demographic factors, proximate and biological determinants, and environmental factors on the risk of under-five mortality in Nigeria using a Bayesian hierarchical hazard model with time to death outcomes. The Exponential, Gamma, Log-normal, Weibull, and Cox hazard models in a mixed effect framework with spatial components were considered, and the best model was selected for inference. In addition, the Kaplan Meier survival curve, Nelson Aalen hazard curve, and components survival probabilities were estimated. Results: Findings show that gender, maternal education, household wealth status, source of water and toilet facility, residence, mass media, frequency of antenatal and postnatal visits, marital status, place of delivery, multiple births, who decide healthcare use, use of bednet are significant risk factors of child mortality in Nigeria. The mortality risk is high among the maternal age group below 24 and above 44years, and birth weight below 2.5Kg and above 4.5Kg. The under-five mortality risk is severe in Kebbi, Kaduna, Jigawa, Adamawa, Gombe, Kanu, Kogi, Nasarawa, Plateau, Sokoto states in Nigeria. Conclusions: This study accentuates the need for special attention for the first two months after childbirth as it is the age group with the highest expected mortality. A practicable way to minimize death in the early life of children is to improve maternal health care service, promote maternal education, encourage delivery in healthcare facilities, positive parental attitude to support multiple births, poverty alleviation programs for the less privileged, and a prioritized intervention to Northern Nigeria.

Introduction to the Special Issue: The multiple births of International Relations

Disciplinary histories are, by default, complicit in the production of subjective memories as truth. This Special Issue builds on the existing scholarship on rethinking IR's disciplinary history by expanding its geographical focus beyond the West, and explores how IR came to define itself as a self-contained body of knowledge that is distinct from other fields of study in different parts of the world. These alternative histories enable us to appreciate that the development of IR as a global discipline was only possible through a transnational circulation of key ideas such as sovereignty, empire, Commonwealth and, especially, competing notions of the ‘international’. In addition, they bring attention to the purpose of knowledge and the politics of its production, and allow for both democratisation as well as discursive plurality.

The FEED1 Trial: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial of Full Milk Feeds Versus Intravenous Fluids with Gradual Feeding for Preterm Infants (30-33 Weeks Gestational Age)

BackgroundIn the UK, approximately 8% of live births are preterm (before 37 weeks gestation), more than 90% of whom are born between 30 and 36 weeks, forming the largest proportion of a neonatal units’ workload. Neonatologists are cautious in initiating full milk feeds for preterm infants due to fears of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). There is now evidence to dispute this fear. Small studies have shown that feeding preterm infants full milk feeds enterally from birth could result in a shorter length of hospital stay, which is important to parents, clinicians and NHS services without increasing the risk of NEC. This trial aims to investigate whether full milk feeds initiated in the first 24 hours after birth reduces the length of hospital stay in comparison to introduction of gradual milk feeding with IV fluids.MethodsFEED1 is a multi-centre, open, parallel group, randomised, controlled superiority trial of full milk feeds initiated on the day of birth versus gradual milk feeds for infants born at 30+0 to 32+6 (inclusive) weeks gestation. Recruitment will take place in around 40 UK neonatal units. Mothers will be randomised 1:1 to full milk feeds, starting at 60 ml/kg day, or gradual feeds, as per usual local practice. Mother’s expressed breast milk will always be the first choice of milk, though will likely be supplemented with formula or donor breast milk in the first few days. Feeding data will be collected until full milk feeds are achieved (>140 ml/kg/day for 3 consecutive days). The primary outcome is length of infant hospital stay. Additional data will be collected 6 weeks post-discharge. Follow-up at 2 years (corrected gestational age) is planned. The sample size is 2088 infants to detect a between group difference in length of stay of two days. Accounting for multiple births, this requires 1700 women to be recruited. Primary analysis will compare the length of hospital stay between groups, adjusting for minimisation variables and accounting for multiple births.DiscussionThis trial will provide high-quality evidence on feeding practices for preterm infants. Full milk feeds from day of birth could result in infants being discharged sooner.Trial RegistrationISRCTN, ISRCTN89654042 prospectively registered on 23 September 2019; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89654042