Zero-Inflated Latent Class Growth Models: A Tutorial Using Data From a Longitudinal Cohort

A few studies in young mixedwood stands demonstrate that precommercial thinning of aspen at early ages can improve the growth of spruce and increase stand resilience to drought. However, information on tree and stand responses to thinning in older mixedwood stands is lacking. To address this need, a study was initiated in 2008 in Alberta, Canada in 14 boreal mixedwood stands (seven each at ages 17 and 22). This study investigated growth responses following thinning of aspen to five densities (0, 1000, 2500, 5000 stems ha−1 and unthinned (control)). Measurements were collected in the year of establishment, and three and eight years later. Mortality of aspen in the unthinned plots was greater than in the thinned plots which were not significantly different amongst each other. Eight years following treatment, aspen diameter was positively influenced by thinning, while there was no effect on aspen height. The density of aspen had no significant effect on the survival of planted spruce. Spruce height and diameter growth increased with both aspen thinning intensity and time since treatment. Differentiation among treatments in spruce diameter growth was evident three years from treatment, while differentiation in height was not significant until eight years following treatment. Yield projections using two growth models (Mixedwood Growth Model (MGM) and Growth and Yield Projection System (GYPSY)) were initialized using data from the year eight re-measurements. Results indicate that heavy precommercial aspen thinning (to ~1000 aspen crop trees ha−1) can result in an increase in conifer merchantable volume without reducing aspen volume at the time of harvest. However, light to moderate thinning (to ~2500 aspen stems ha−1 or higher), is unlikely to result in gains in either deciduous or conifer merchantable harvest volume over those of unthinned stands.

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E-bike user groups and substitution effects: evidence from longitudinal travel data in the Netherlands

Transportation ◽

10.1007/s11116-021-10195-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mathijs de Haas ◽

Maarten Kroesen ◽

Caspar Chorus ◽

Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser ◽

Serge Hoogendoorn

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Latent Class ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Substitution Effects ◽

Or Education ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

User Groups ◽

Using Data ◽

Mode Of Transport

AbstractIn recent years, the e-bike has become increasingly popular in many European countries. With higher speeds and less effort needed, the e-bike is a promising mode of transport to many, and it is considered a good alternative for certain car trips by policy-makers and planners. A major limitation of many studies that investigate such substitution effects of the e-bike, is their reliance on cross-sectional data which do not allow an assessment of within-person travel mode changes. As a consequence, there is currently no consensus about the e-bike’s potential to replace car trips. Furthermore, there has been little research focusing on heterogeneity among e-bike users. In this respect, it is likely that different groups exist that use the e-bike for different reasons (e.g. leisure vs commute travel), something which will also influence possible substitution patterns. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways: (1) it presents a statistical analysis to assess the extent to which e-bike trips are substituting trips by other travel modes based on longitudinal data; (2) it reveals different user groups among the e-bike population. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model is estimated using five waves of data from the Netherlands Mobility Panel. Furthermore, a Latent Class Analysis is performed using data from the Dutch national travel survey. Results show that, when using longitudinal data, the substitution effects between e-bike and the competing travel modes of car and public transport are not as significant as reported in earlier research. In general, e-bike trips only significantly reduce conventional bicycle trips in the Netherlands, which can be regarded an unwanted effect from a policy-viewpoint. For commuting, the e-bike also substitutes car trips. Furthermore, results show that there are five different user groups with their own distinct behaviour patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. They also show that groups that use the e-bike primarily for commuting or education are growing at a much higher rate than groups that mainly use the e-bike for leisure and shopping purposes.

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Preschool Intervention Can Promote Sustained Growth in the Executive-Function Skills of Children Exhibiting Early Deficits

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797617711640 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1719-1730 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Tyler R. Sasser ◽

Karen L. Bierman ◽

Brenda Heinrichs ◽

Robert L. Nix

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Head Start ◽

Latent Class ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Third Grade ◽

Control Group ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Usual Practice ◽

Preschool Intervention ◽

Latent Class Growth

This study examined the effects of the Head Start Research-Based, Developmentally Informed (REDI) preschool intervention on growth in children’s executive-function (EF) skills from preschool through third grade. Across 25 Head Start centers, each of 44 classrooms was randomly assigned either to an intervention group, which received enhanced social-emotional and language-literacy components, or to a “usual-practice” control group. Four-year-old children ( N = 356; 25% African American, 17% Latino, 58% European American; 54% girls) were followed for 5 years, and EF skills were assessed annually. Latent-class growth analysis identified high, moderate, and low developmental EF trajectories. For children with low EF trajectories, the intervention improved EF scores in third grade significantly more ( d = 0.58) than in the control group. Children who received the intervention also demonstrated better academic outcomes in third grade than children who did not. Poverty often delays EF development; enriching the Head Start program with an evidence-based curriculum and teaching strategies can reduce early deficits and thereby facilitate school success.

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Latent class growth analyses reveal overrepresentation of dysfunctional fear conditioning trajectories in patients with anxiety-related disorders compared to controls

Journal of Anxiety Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 102361

Author(s):

Puck Duits ◽

Johanna M.P. Baas ◽

Iris M. Engelhard ◽

Jan Richter ◽

Hilde M. Huisman - van Dijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fear Conditioning ◽

Latent Class ◽

Latent Class Growth ◽

Growth Analyses ◽

Latent Class Growth Analyses

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Abstract 002: Assessing Profiles Of Cardiometabolic Risk Among South Asians Living In The United States Using A Syndemic Framework And Acculturation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco A Montiel Ishino ◽

Katia M Canenguez ◽

Jeffrey H Cohen ◽

Belinda Needham ◽

Namratha Kandula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Latent Class ◽

Family Income ◽

South Asians ◽

Health Indicators ◽

The United States ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Cultural Traditions ◽

Using Data ◽

Religiosity And Spirituality

Background: South Asians (SA) are the second largest US immigrant group and have excess cardiometabolic (CM) disease. While acculturation is associated with increased CM risk among immigrants and refugees, the role of acculturation on SA CM risk is relatively unknown. CM disease presents as a syndemic or synergistic epidemic involving multiple disease clusters as well as the biological, social, and psychological interactions from the acculturative process to worsen morbidity within subgroups. Methods: We used latent class analysis to identify SA CM risk based on acculturation subgroups using data from adults aged 40-84 in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study (N=771). The distal outcome of CM risk was constructed using hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and body mass index. Proxies of acculturation included years lived in the US, English proficiency, cuisine eaten at home, cultural traditions, ethnicity of friends, social and neighborhood support, and experienced discrimination; as well as mental health indicators, which included depression, trait anxiety, anger, and positive and negative spiritual coping. Covariates included demographic characteristics, family income, education, study site, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, religiosity and spirituality. Results: Four CM risk profiles and acculturation subgroups were identified: 1) lowest risk [73.8%] were the most integrated with both SA and US culture; 2) intermediate-low risk [13.4%] had high mental health distress and discrimination and separated from SA and US culture; 3) intermediate-high risk [8.9%] were more assimilated with US culture; and 4) highest risk [3.9%] were more assimilated with US culture [Figure]. Conclusion: Our approach identified distinct nuanced profiles of syndemic CM risk to understand how acculturation and sociocultural factors cluster with health in US South Asians. Our syndemic framework will further understanding of CM risk among SA to best design tailored prevention and intervention programs.

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Customers’ Mode Choice Behaviors of Express Service Based on Latent Class Analysis and Logit Model

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/610673 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lian Lian ◽

Shuo Zhang ◽

Zhong Wang ◽

Kai Liu ◽

Lihuan Cao

Keyword(s):

Logit Model ◽

Choice Behavior ◽

Latent Class ◽

Latent Class Model ◽

Policy Research ◽

Multinomial Logit Model ◽

Class Model ◽

Taste Heterogeneity ◽

Using Data ◽

Service Choice

As the parcel delivery service is booming in China, the competition among express companies intensifies. This paper employed multinomial logit model (MNL) and latent class model (LCM) to investigate customers’ express service choice behavior, using data from a SP survey. The attributes and attribute levels that matter most to express customers are identified. Meanwhile, the customers are divided into two segments (penny pincher segment and high-end segment) characterized by their taste heterogeneity. The results indicate that the LCM performs statistically better than MNL in our sample. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the taste heterogeneity, especially for further academic and policy research in freight choice behavior.

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