Characteristics of Eye-movement of High School Baseball Players

Context: Participation in high school sports has grown 16.1% over the last decade, but few studies have compared the overall injury risks in girls' softball and boys' baseball. Objective: To examine the incidence of injury in high school softball and baseball players. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Greenville, South Carolina, high schools. Patients or Other Participants: Softball and baseball players (n = 247) from 11 high schools. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates, locations, types; initial or subsequent injury; practice or game setting; positions played; seasonal trends. Results: The overall incidence injury rate was 4.5/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), with more injuries overall in softball players (5.6/1000 AEs) than in baseball players (4.0/1000 AEs). Baseball players had a higher initial injury rate (75.9/1000 AEs) than softball players (66.4/1000 AEs): rate ratio (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4, 1.7. The initial injury rate was higher than the subsequent injury rate for the overall sample (P < .0001) and for softball (P < .0001) and baseball (P < .001) players. For both sports, the injury rate during games (4.6/1000 AEs) was similar to that during practices (4.1/1000 AEs), RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.7, 2.2. Softball players were more likely to be injured in a game than were baseball players (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.8, 4.3). Most injuries (77%) were mild (3.5/1000 AEs). The upper extremity accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (63.3%). The incidence of injury for pitchers was 37.3% and for position players was 15.3%. The rate of injury was highest during the first month of the season (7.96/1000 AEs). Conclusions: The incidence of injury was low for both softball and baseball. Most injuries were minor and affected the upper extremity. The injury rates were highest in the first month of the season, so prevention strategies should be focused on minimizing injuries and monitoring players early in the season.

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Karakteristik dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Parkinson dengan Probabel Gangguan Perilaku Tidur Fase Gerak Mata Cepat di Manado

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.v8i1.27191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Grisheila M. Koleangan ◽

Arthur H. P. Mawuntu ◽

Mieke A. H. M. Kembuan

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

High School ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Junior High School ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽

Sf 36

Abstract: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) often occurs in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and it could reduce their quality of life (QoL). This study was aimed to obtain the characteristics and QoL of PD patients with pRBD in Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were PD patients with pRBD at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from October to November 2019. The QoL was measured by using the SF-36 QoL questionnaire. The results obtained 48 eligible subjects. Male patients were more common than females (52.1% vs 47.9%). Most of the subjects were 60-69 years (54.1%), had senior high school and junior high school education (each of 29.1%), and unemployed (41.7%). Moreover, 62.5% of patients had been diagnosed as PD since 1-5 years ago. The mean score of the physical and mental component of the subjects were 46.5 and 60.8 subsequently. In conclusion, the majority of patients with Parkinson's disease and pRBD were 60-69 years, senior or junior high school educated, unemployed, and had been diagnosed as PD since 1-5 years ago. Their quality of life in physical component was below norm-based score but in mental component was still good.Keywords: Parkinson's disease, probable RBD, quality of life, SF-36 Abstrak: Gangguan perilaku tidur fase gerak mata cepat (rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder/RBD) sering terjadi pada pasien penyakit Parkinson (PD) yang mungkin menurunkan kualitas hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kualitas hidup pasien PD dengan probabel RBD (pRBD) di Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang terhadap pasien PD dengan pRBD yang datang ke RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado bulan Oktober-November 2019. Kualitas hidup diukur menggu-nakan kuesioner kualitas hidup SF-36. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 48 pasien yang meme-nuhi kriteria penelitian. Pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki lebih banyak daripada perempuan (52,1% vs 47,9%). Sebagian besar pasien berada pada kelompok usia 60-69 tahun (54,1%), tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMA/Sederajat dan SMP sama banyak (29,1%), dan tidak bekerja (41,7%). Sebanyak 62,5% subjek telah terdiagnosis PD sejak 1-5 tahun sebelumnya. Skor rerata komponen fisik dan komponen mental kualitas hidup SF-36 ialah 46,5 dan 60,8. Sim-pulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas pasien penyakit Parkinson dengan pRBD berusia 60-69 tahun, pendidikan SMA/sederajat atau SMP, tidak bekerja, dan telah terdiagnosis PD sejak 1-5 tahun sebelumnya. Kualitas hidup pasien penyakit Parkinson dengan pRBD pada komponen fisik secara umum berada di bawah skor normatif tetapi komponen mental masih baik.Kata kunci: penyakit Parkinson, probabel RBD, kualitas hidup, SF-36

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