Supplemental Material for The Roles of Positive Emotion in the Regulation of Emotional Responses to Negative Events

Emotion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Negative Events

scholarly journals Finding positive meaning in memories of negative events adaptively updates memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Speer ◽  
Sandra Ibrahim ◽  
Daniela Schiller ◽  
Mauricio R. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Memory Updating ◽  
Positive Meaning ◽  
Memory Content ◽  
Negative Memories

AbstractFinding positive meaning in past negative memories is associated with enhanced mental health. Yet it remains unclear whether it leads to updates in the memory representation itself. Since memory can be labile after retrieval, this leaves the potential for modification whenever its reactivated. Across four experiments, we show that positively reinterpreting negative memories adaptively updates them, leading to the re-emergence of positivity at future retrieval. Focusing on the positive aspects after negative recall leads to enhanced positive emotion and changes in memory content during recollection one week later, remaining even after two months. Consistent with a reactivation-induced reconsolidation account, memory updating occurs only after a reminder and twenty four hours, but not a one hour delay. Multi-session fMRI showed adaptive updates are reflected in greater hippocampal and ventral striatal pattern dissimilarity across retrievals. This research highlights the mechanisms by which updating of maladaptive memories occurs through a positive emotion-focused strategy.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses to Basic Tastes for Sensory Evaluation of Chocolate Using Biometric Techniques

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thejani M. Gunaratne ◽  
Sigfredo Fuentes ◽  
Nadeesha M. Gunaratne ◽  
Damir D. Torrico ◽  
Claudia Gonzalez Viejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Infrared Thermal Images

Facial expressions are in reaction to basic tastes by the response to receptor stimulation. The objective of this study was to assess the autonomic nervous system responses to basic tastes in chocolates and to identify relationships between conscious and unconscious responses from participants. Panelists (n = 45) tasted five chocolates with either salt, citric acid, sugar, or monosodium glutamate, which generated four distinctive basic tastes plus bitter, using dark chocolate. An integrated camera system, coupled with the Bio-Sensory application, was used to capture infrared thermal images, videos, and sensory responses. Outputs were used to assess skin temperature (ST), facial expressions, and heart rate (HR) as physiological responses. Sensory responses and emotions elicited during the chocolate tasting were evaluated using the application. Results showed that the most liked was sweet chocolate (9.01), while the least liked was salty chocolate (3.61). There were significant differences for overall liking (p < 0.05) but none for HR (p = 0.75) and ST (p = 0.27). Sweet chocolate was inversely associated with angry, and salty chocolate positively associated with sad. Positive emotion-terms were associated with sweet samples and liking in self-reported responses. Findings of this study may be used to assess novel tastes of chocolate in the industry based on conscious and emotional responses more objectively.

EXPRESS: The Influence of Movement on Negative and Positive Emotional Responses to Animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110493
Author(s):  
Krystal Shea St. Peter ◽  
Laura L Vernon ◽  
Alan Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Still Images

Two studies were conducted to explore whether the addition of animal movement would influence the intensity of emotional reactions toward that animal. Both studies compared self-reported emotional reactions to still images and videos for six animal categories (snakes, spiders, rodents, hoofed animals, animals with flippers, and turtles). In Study 1, participants reported fear and disgust to the animal stimuli, which were averaged into a single negative emotion rating. In Study 2, participants reported either fear and disgust or joy and affection to the animal stimuli, which were averaged into either a single negative or positive emotion rating. Upon combining the reported emotions from the two studies, movement was found to increase negative emotion reported to snakes and spiders and decrease negative emotion reported to rodents, hoofed animals, and animals with flippers. Results from Study 2 indicated that movement increased reported positive emotions to all six animal categories. Our findings suggest that animal movement is an important component of emotional reactions to animals.

Emotional Content in Wikipedia Articles on Negative Man-Made and Nature-Made Events

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Greving ◽  
Aileen Oeberst ◽  
Joachim Kimmerle ◽  
Ulrike Cress
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Events Study

Wikipedia emphasizes the objectivity of content. Yet, Wikipedia articles also deal with negative events that potentially elicit intense emotions. Undesirable outcomes (e.g., earthquakes) are known to elicit sadness, while undesirable outcomes caused by others’ actions (e.g., terrorist attacks) are known to elicit anger. Internet users’ emotional responses are likely to end up in Wikipedia articles on those events as characteristics of Internet users spill over to Wikipedia articles. Therefore, we expected that Wikipedia articles on terrorist attacks contain more anger-related and less sadness-related content than articles on earthquakes. We analyzed newly created Wikipedia articles about the two events (Study 1) as well as more current versions of those Wikipedia articles after the events had already happened (Study 2). The results supported our expectations. Surprisingly, Wikipedia articles on those two events contained more emotional content than related Wikipedia talk pages (Study 3). We discuss the implications for Wikipedia and future research.

De Emotionele Respons van Lezers op Affectieve Headlines op Sociale Media

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tom ◽  
Martijn Goudbeek ◽  
Monique Maria Henriettte Pollmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Sociale Media ◽  
Negative Sentiment ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between the sentiment of news on social media and readers’ emotional response. We analyzed 1946 teaser headlines (‘New life for a dead language, as more public schools offer Latin’) from the Wall Street Journal’s Facebook page and determined their sentiment with the program VADER. We find that emotional headlines lead to more reactions than neutral headlines. The sentiment scores were systematically related to the emoji the readers attached to the headline (respectively those for ‘like’, ‘love’, ‘haha’, ‘wow’, ‘sad’, and ‘angry’). News with a negative sentiment is related to an increase in negative emotional responses by readers (as expressed in the emoji they use, ‘angry’ and ‘sad’) as compared to neutral and positive news. However, positive news does not result in an increase of positive affective responses (e.g., positive emoji) compared to neutral or negatively colored news. These results are in line with earlier positive-negative asymmetry findings, showing that negative events lead to a higher need for action than positive events. They also underscore the complexity of predicting emotional responses, because we also found some unexpected effects, such as the fact that a ‘haha’ response was given to both positive and negative headlines and that ‘wow’ responses were more prevalent with negative news. This study therefore contributes to our understanding of how people use emoji.

Mothers’ electrophysiological, subjective, and observed emotional responding to infant crying: The role of secure base script knowledge

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1237-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Groh ◽  
Glenn I. Roisman ◽  
Katherine C. Haydon ◽  
Kelly Bost ◽  
Nancy McElwain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Secure Base ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Infant Crying ◽  
Infant Distress ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Secure Base Script ◽  
Eeg Activation

AbstractThis study examined the extent to which secure base script knowledge—reflected in the ability to generate narratives in which attachment-relevant events are encountered, a clear need for assistance is communicated, competent help is provided and accepted, and the problem is resolved—is associated with mothers’ electrophysiological, subjective, and observed emotional responses to an infant distress vocalization. While listening to an infant crying, mothers (N= 108,Mage = 34 years) lower on secure base script knowledge exhibited smaller shifts in relative left (vs. right) frontal EEG activation from rest, reported smaller reductions in feelings of positive emotion from rest, and expressed greater levels of tension. Findings indicate that lower levels of secure base script knowledge are associated with an organization of emotional responding indicative of a less flexible and more emotionally restricted response to infant distress. Discussion focuses on the contribution of mothers’ attachment representations to their ability to effectively manage emotional responding to infant distress in a manner expected to support sensitive caregiving.

scholarly journals Positive Emotion Amplification by Representing Excitement Scene with TV Chat Agents

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7330
Author(s):  
Shogo Nishimura ◽  
Daiki Kimata ◽  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Masayuki Kanbara ◽  
Yuichiro Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Comments

This paper proposes emotion amplification for TV chat agents allowing users to get more excited in TV sports programs, and a model that estimates the excitement level of TV programs based on the number of social comment posts. The proposed model extracts the exciting intervals from social comments to the program scenes. By synchronizing recorded video streams and the intervals, the agents may talk with the user dynamically changing the frequency and volume of upbeat utterances, increasing the excitement of the user. To test these agents, participants watched TV content under three conditions: without an agent, with four agents that utter with a flat voice, and with four agents with emotion amplification. Results from 24 young adult Japanese individuals showed that their arousal of participants’ subjective and physiological emotional responses were boosted because of the agents, enhancing their motivation to interact with the agent in the future. With empirical evidence, this paper supports these expectations and demonstrates that these agents can amplify the positive emotions of TV watchers, enhancing their motivation to interact with the agent in the future.

scholarly journals Anticipatory Emotion in Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Moran ◽  
Ann M. Kring
Keyword(s):  
Startle Response ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Methods Of Measurement ◽  
Negative Stimuli

While people with schizophrenia report experiencing as much emotion in the presence of emotionally evocative stimuli as do people without schizophrenia, evidence suggests that they have deficits in the anticipation of positive emotion. However, little is known about the anticipation of negative emotion in schizophrenia, thus leaving open whether anticipation deficits are more general. We sought to assess anticipation of positive and negative stimuli across multiple methods of measurement. We measured reported experience and emotion-modulated startle response in people with ( n = 27) and without ( n = 27) schizophrenia as they anticipated and subsequently viewed evocative pictures. People with schizophrenia showed an overall dampened response during the anticipation of positive and negative stimuli, suggesting a more general deficit in anticipatory emotional responses. Moreover, anticipatory responses were related to symptoms and functioning in people with schizophrenia. Together, these findings point to important new directions for understanding emotion deficits in schizophrenia

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