Inner speech and "external speech": Characteristics and communication effectiveness of socially and nonsocially encoded messages.

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Krauss ◽  
P. S. Vivekananthan ◽  
Sidney Weinheimer
Author(s):  
О.С. Шурупова

Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена необходимостью использования результатов современных исследований языковой личности для создания художественных образов. Целью данной статьи стало создание речевого портрета Русанова, персонажа повести А. И. Солженицына «Раковый корпус». Предметом изучения становится дискурс данного персонажа. В статье подвергнуты анализу интериоризованная речь Русанова, особенности восприятия им чужой речи, цитатный фонд, используемый персонажем. Для анализа коммуникативной личности персонажа использована модель К. Ф. Седова. Выявлены тематические группы слов, занимающих главное место в лексиконе Русанова. Обращается внимание на роль «мира вещей», бытовых предметов, воспоминания о которых приносят Русанову облегчение во время болезни. Ярким средством создания художественного образа являются многочисленные советизмы и канцеляризмы, соседствующие в речи героя с просторечными словами, а также единицы с уменьшительно-ласкательными суффиксами. Традиционно сопровождаемые высокой оценкой славянизмы приобретают в речи Русанова исключительно негативное значение, тогда как ряд слов с негативным значением воспринимается героем положительно. Анализ дискурса этого персонажа показывает глубину его духовного заболевания. Результаты проведенного нами исследования не только позволяют утверждать, что с помощью несобственно-прямой речи А. И. Солженицын раскрывает внутренний мир персонажа, демонстрирует его нравственную несостоятельность, но и найти применение при дальнейшем изучении лингвопоэтики творчества писателя и художественного образа как языковой личности. The relevance of the article is accounted for by the necessity to use the results of modern research of a linguistic personality to create literary images. The aim of the article is to analyze speech characteristics of Rusanov, a character of A. I. Solzhenitsynʼs “Cancer Ward”. The article focuses on the characterʼs discourse. The article analyzes Rusanovʼs inner speech, the peculiarities of his perception of other peopleʼs speeches, the quotations he uses in his speech. To analyze the characterʼs personality, the author of the article uses K. F. Sedovʼs model. The author of the article singles out thematic vocabulary sets that prevail in Rusanovʼs speech. The author focuses on objects remembering which Rusanov experiences some relief of his sickness-related suffering. Numerous Sovietisms and bureaucratic expressions used by the character together with some simple words and diminutives help the author to create the literary image. In Rusanovʼs speech, some Slavinisms, which are traditionally positively charged, acquire a negative meaning, while some negatively charged words are positively perceived by the character. The analysis of the characterʼs discourse shows the severity of his spiritual infirmity. The results of the research conducted by the author of the article enables the author to maintain that A. I. Solzhenitsyn uses the characterʼs inner monologue to reveal the characterʼs inner world, to show the characterʼs moral lameness. The results of our research can be used to further investigate A. I. Solzhenitsynʼs linguopoetics and to analyze a literary image as a linguistic personality.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2S) ◽  
pp. 915-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie A. Spencer ◽  
Mallory Dawson

Purpose This preliminary study examined whether speech profiles exist for adults with hereditary ataxia based on 2 competing frameworks: a pattern of instability/inflexibility or a pattern of differential subsystem involvement. Method Four dysarthria experts rated the speech samples of 8 adults with dysarthria from hereditary ataxia using visual analog scales and presence/severity rating scales of speech characteristics. Speaking tasks included diadochokinetics, sustained phonation, and a monologue. Results Speech profiles aligned with the instability/inflexibility framework, with the pattern of instability being the most common. Speech profiles did not emerge for the majority of speakers using the differential subsystem framework. Conclusions The findings extend previous research on pure ataxic dysarthria and suggest a possible framework for understanding the speech heterogeneity associated with the ataxias. The predominance of the instability profile is consistent with the notion of impaired feedforward control in speakers with cerebellar disruption.


2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082
Author(s):  
Theresa Schölderle ◽  
Elisabet Haas ◽  
Wolfram Ziegler

Purpose The aim of this study was to collect auditory-perceptual data on established symptom categories of dysarthria from typically developing children between 3 and 9 years of age, for the purpose of creating age norms for dysarthria assessment. Method One hundred forty-four typically developing children (3;0–9;11 [years;months], 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. We used a computer-based game specifically designed for this study to elicit sentence repetitions and spontaneous speech samples. Speech recordings were analyzed using the auditory-perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales, a standardized German assessment tool for dysarthria in adults. The Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (scales and features) cover clinically relevant dimensions of speech and allow for an evaluation of well-established symptom categories of dysarthria. Results The typically developing children exhibited a number of speech characteristics overlapping with established symptom categories of dysarthria (e.g., breathy voice, frequent inspirations, reduced articulatory precision, decreased articulation rate). Substantial progress was observed between 3 and 9 years of age, but with different developmental trajectories across different dimensions. In several areas (e.g., respiration, voice quality), 9-year-olds still presented with salient developmental speech characteristics, while in other dimensions (e.g., prosodic modulation), features typically associated with dysarthria occurred only exceptionally, even in the 3-year-olds. Conclusions The acquisition of speech motor functions is a prolonged process not yet completed with 9 years. Various developmental influences (e.g., anatomic–physiological changes) shape children's speech specifically. Our findings are a first step toward establishing auditory-perceptual norms for dysarthria in children of kindergarten and elementary school age. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380


Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah

In this paper, I present accent-related variations unique to Asian-Indian speakers of English in the United States and identify specific speech and language features that contribute to an “Indian accent.” I present a model to answer some key questions related to assessment of Indian accents and help set a strong foundation for accent modification services.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Wagge ◽  
Shawnalee Criss ◽  
Rebekah Sewing
Keyword(s):  

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Morin ◽  
Bob Uttl ◽  
Breanne Hamper

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