Ego defenses and reaction to stress: A validation study of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory.

Goldine Gleser; Marilyn Sacks

doi:10.1037/h0034487

Comparison of Defense Mechanisms Utilized in Perception by Congenitally Blind and Sighted Respondents

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1984.55.1.228 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 228-230

Author(s):

Sam Minskoff ◽

John M. Curtis

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Ego Defenses ◽

Congenitally Blind

The present study examined specific defense mechanisms involved in perceptions of congenitally blind and sighted respondents. The Defense Mechanism Inventory was given 30 blind and 30 sighted subjects, randomly selected. One-way analyses of variance on specific defenses indicated nonsignificant differences between the groups who tended to show comparable patterns of ego defenses. Findings suggest any discrepancies in perception between such groups are not likely based on differences in the use of various defense mechanisms as measured by the Defense Mechanism Inventory.

Download Full-text

Ego Defenses and Perceptual Styles

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1970.30.2.599 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 599-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Norman Bogo ◽

Carolyn Winget ◽

Goldine C. Gleser

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Ego Defenses ◽

Drawing Test ◽

Field Independent ◽

Perceptual Styles ◽

Figure Drawing ◽

Personality Construct ◽

Rod And Frame Test ◽

Rod And Frame

This study explored similarities between Voth's personality construct (ego-close—ego-distant) and that of Witkin (field-dependent—field-independent), especially with reference to ego defenses. A measure of autokinesis, the Figure-drawing Test, the Rod-and-frame Test and the Defense Mechanisms Inventory were administered to 45 men and 52 women. The correlations between autokinetic scores and the Figure-drawing Test and Rod-and-frame Test scores were of low order and not significant. Correlations between Figure-drawing and Rod-and-frame Test scores and between combined Figure-drawing—Rod-and-frame scores and the subcategories of the Defense Mechanisms Inventory tended to confirm previous findings. Predicted relations between the autokinetic effect and ego defenses were obtained only for men. Other significant sex differences are presented. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.

Download Full-text

Defense Mechanisms in Alexithymia

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.183 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tomasz Bogutyn ◽

Janusz Pałczyński ◽

Andrzej Kokoszka ◽

Paweł Holas

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Toronto Alexithymia Scale ◽

Ego Defenses ◽

Polish Version

The Polish version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale–20 and Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire were completed by 387 university students. Scores on alexithymia correlate significantly with scores on the whole group of 12 immature defenses (Pearson r = .39, p<.001) and with scores on such individual immature defense mechanisms as Autistic Fantasy ( r = .39), Somatization ( r = .37), Projection ( r = .32), and Displacement ( r = .32). These results support other findings indicating that alexithymia is significantly associated with immature ego defenses.

Download Full-text

New Ultrastructural Observations on Injury and Regeneration of Cilia in Mammalian Conducting Airway Epithelium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100099544 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 624-625

Author(s):

J.L. Carson ◽

A.M. Collier

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Airway Epithelium ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Fetal Lung ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Airway Epithelial ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Conducting Airway ◽

Conducting Airways

The ciliated cells lining the conducting airways of mammals are integral to the defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract, functioning in coordination with secretory cells in the removal of inhaled and cellular debris. The effects of various infectious and toxic agents on the structure and function of airway epithelial cell cilia have been studied in our laboratory, both of which have been shown to affect ciliary ultrastructure.These observations have led to questions about ciliary regeneration as well as the possible induction of ciliogenesis in response to cellular injury. Classical models of ciliogenesis in the conducting airway epithelium of the mammalian respiratory tract have been based primarily on observations of the developing fetal lung. These observations provide a plausible explanation for the embryological generation of ciliary beds lining the conducting airways but do little to account for subsequent differentiation of ciliated cells and ciliogenesis during normal growth and development.

Download Full-text

Parasite defense mechanisms in bees: behavior, immunity, antimicrobials, and symbionts

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 59-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alison E. Fowler ◽

Rebecca E. Irwin ◽

Lynn S. Adler

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Future Research ◽

Immune Priming ◽

Social Bees ◽

Bee Health ◽

Landscape Scales ◽

And Function ◽

Solitary Species

Parasites are linked to the decline of some bee populations; thus, understanding defense mechanisms has important implications for bee health. Recent advances have improved our understanding of factors mediating bee health ranging from molecular to landscape scales, but often as disparate literatures. Here, we bring together these fields and summarize our current understanding of bee defense mechanisms including immunity, immunization, and transgenerational immune priming in social and solitary species. Additionally, the characterization of microbial diversity and function in some bee taxa has shed light on the importance of microbes for bee health, but we lack information that links microbial communities to parasite infection in most bee species. Studies are beginning to identify how bee defense mechanisms are affected by stressors such as poor-quality diets and pesticides, but further research on this topic is needed. We discuss how integrating research on host traits, microbial partners, and nutrition, as well as improving our knowledge base on wild and semi-social bees, will help inform future research, conservation efforts, and management.

Download Full-text