Advancing the translation between clinical and preclinical models of individual differences in vulnerability in substance use disorders.

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-378
Author(s):  
Dustin J. Stairs ◽  
Melissa A. Cyders
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Smith ◽  
◽  
Justin S. Feinstein ◽  
Rayus Kuplicki ◽  
Katherine L. Forthman ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study employed a series of heartbeat perception tasks to assess the hypothesis that cardiac interoceptive processing in individuals with depression/anxiety (N = 221), and substance use disorders (N = 136) is less flexible than that of healthy individuals (N = 53) in the context of physiological perturbation. Cardiac interoception was assessed via heartbeat tapping when: (1) guessing was allowed; (2) guessing was not allowed; and (3) experiencing an interoceptive perturbation (inspiratory breath hold) expected to amplify cardiac sensation. Healthy participants showed performance improvements across the three conditions, whereas those with depression/anxiety and/or substance use disorder showed minimal improvement. Machine learning analyses suggested that individual differences in these improvements were negatively related to anxiety sensitivity, but explained relatively little variance in performance. These results reveal a perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals that was evident across several common psychiatric disorders, suggesting that interoceptive deficits in the realm of psychopathology manifest most prominently during states of homeostatic perturbation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Angela Reilly ◽  
Edward B. Stevens ◽  
Leonard A. Jason

The current study examined the relationships between a personality metatrait (Stability consisting of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism), self-esteem, and stress in an adult population of individuals with substance use disorders living in recovery homes. Adults ( N = 229) residing in 42 residential recovery settings were interviewed as part of the first wave of a longitudinal study in three sites. Standard error of the mean analysis found significant effects for several demographic variables on Stability, and Stability was significantly related both directly and indirectly to stress. These findings suggest that individual differences at entry may influence recovery home effects and may be important to developing more effective aftercare systems.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Justin Feinstein ◽  
Rayus Kuplicki ◽  
Katherine Lynne Forthman ◽  
Jennifer Stewart ◽  
...  

This study employed a series of heartbeat perception tasks to assess the hypothesis that cardiac interoceptive processing in individuals with depression/anxiety (N=221), and substance use disorders (N=136) is less flexible than that of healthy individuals (N=53) in the context of physiological perturbation. Cardiac interoception was assessed via heartbeat tapping when: (1) guessing was allowed; (2) guessing was not allowed; and (3) experiencing an interoceptive perturbation (inspiratory breath hold) expected to amplify cardiac sensation. Healthy participants showed performance improvements across the three conditions, whereas those with depression/anxiety, and substance use showed minimal improvement. Machine learning analyses suggested that individual differences in these improvements were negatively related to anxiety sensitivity, but explained relatively little variance in performance. These results reveal a perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals that was evident across several common psychiatric disorders, suggesting that interoceptive deficits in the realm of psychopathology manifest most prominently during states of homeostatic perturbation.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Michelle Tuten ◽  
Hendree E. Jones ◽  
Cindy M. Schaeffer ◽  
Maxine L. Stitzer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. van Boekel ◽  
E. P. M. Brouwers ◽  
J. van Weeghel ◽  
H. F. L. Garretsen

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