Advancing the translation between clinical and preclinical models of individual differences in vulnerability in substance use disorders.

AbstractThis study employed a series of heartbeat perception tasks to assess the hypothesis that cardiac interoceptive processing in individuals with depression/anxiety (N = 221), and substance use disorders (N = 136) is less flexible than that of healthy individuals (N = 53) in the context of physiological perturbation. Cardiac interoception was assessed via heartbeat tapping when: (1) guessing was allowed; (2) guessing was not allowed; and (3) experiencing an interoceptive perturbation (inspiratory breath hold) expected to amplify cardiac sensation. Healthy participants showed performance improvements across the three conditions, whereas those with depression/anxiety and/or substance use disorder showed minimal improvement. Machine learning analyses suggested that individual differences in these improvements were negatively related to anxiety sensitivity, but explained relatively little variance in performance. These results reveal a perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals that was evident across several common psychiatric disorders, suggesting that interoceptive deficits in the realm of psychopathology manifest most prominently during states of homeostatic perturbation.

Download Full-text

Personality, Self-Esteem, and Perceived Stress in Communal Residences Supporting Recovery

Journal of Drug Education ◽

10.1177/0047237918800018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3-4) ◽

pp. 108-120

Author(s):

Angela Reilly ◽

Edward B. Stevens ◽

Leonard A. Jason

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Adult Population ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Recovery Homes ◽

The Mean

The current study examined the relationships between a personality metatrait (Stability consisting of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism), self-esteem, and stress in an adult population of individuals with substance use disorders living in recovery homes. Adults ( N = 229) residing in 42 residential recovery settings were interviewed as part of the first wave of a longitudinal study in three sites. Standard error of the mean analysis found significant effects for several demographic variables on Stability, and Stability was significantly related both directly and indirectly to stress. These findings suggest that individual differences at entry may influence recovery home effects and may be important to developing more effective aftercare systems.

Download Full-text

Perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals in depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders

10.31234/osf.io/9h327 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Smith ◽

Justin Feinstein ◽

Rayus Kuplicki ◽

Katherine Lynne Forthman ◽

Jennifer Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Substance Use ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Breath Hold ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Heartbeat Perception ◽

Minimal Improvement ◽

Healthy Participants

This study employed a series of heartbeat perception tasks to assess the hypothesis that cardiac interoceptive processing in individuals with depression/anxiety (N=221), and substance use disorders (N=136) is less flexible than that of healthy individuals (N=53) in the context of physiological perturbation. Cardiac interoception was assessed via heartbeat tapping when: (1) guessing was allowed; (2) guessing was not allowed; and (3) experiencing an interoceptive perturbation (inspiratory breath hold) expected to amplify cardiac sensation. Healthy participants showed performance improvements across the three conditions, whereas those with depression/anxiety, and substance use showed minimal improvement. Machine learning analyses suggested that individual differences in these improvements were negatively related to anxiety sensitivity, but explained relatively little variance in performance. These results reveal a perceptual insensitivity to the modulation of interoceptive signals that was evident across several common psychiatric disorders, suggesting that interoceptive deficits in the realm of psychopathology manifest most prominently during states of homeostatic perturbation.

Download Full-text