scholarly journals Individual variability in the semantic processing of English compound words.

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schmidtke ◽  
Julie A. Van Dyke ◽  
Victor Kuperman
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Compound Words

Semantic processing of previews within compound words.

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. White ◽  
Raymond Bertram ◽  
Jukka Hyönä
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Compound Words

scholarly journals Unconstrained multivariate EEG decoding can help detect lexical-semantic processing in individual children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Petit ◽  
Nicholas A. Badcock ◽  
Tijl Grootswagers ◽  
Alexandra Woolgar
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Semantic Comprehension ◽  
Autistic Population

AbstractIn conditions such as minimally-verbal autism, standard assessments of language comprehension are often unreliable. Given the known heterogeneity within the autistic population, it is crucial to design tests of semantic comprehension that are sensitive in individuals. Recent efforts to develop neural signals of language comprehension have focused on the N400, a robust marker of lexical-semantic violation at the group level. However, homogeneity of response in individual neurotypical children has not been established. Here, we presented 20 neurotypical children with congruent and incongruent visual animations and spoken sentences while measuring their neural response using EEG. Despite robust group-level responses, we found high inter-individual variability in response to lexico-semantic anomalies. To overcome this, we analysed our data using temporally and spatially unconstrained MVPA, supplemented by descriptive analyses to examine the timecourse, topography, and strength of the effect. Our results show that neurotypical children exhibit heterogenous responses to lexical-semantic violation, implying that any application to heterogenous disorders such as ASD will require individual-subject analyses that are robust to variation in topology and timecourse of neural responses.

Age of Acquisition Effects on the decomposition of compound words

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Medhat Elsherif ◽  
Jon Catling
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Complex Words

Age of acquisition (AoA) is a measure of learning experience and a strong predictor of lexical retrieval. According to the integrated view, the AoA effect results from the development of semantic representations and the mappings between these representations. This has not been considered in morphologically complex words. The integrated account predicts that the AoA effect should be larger in tasks requiring greater semantic processing and any AoA effects should be shown in the early processes of word recognition. The present study investigates these predictions in compound words, which differ from monomorphemic words in terms of ease of mapping and semantic processes in lexical retrieval. Forty-eight participants completed a compound lexeme segmentation (CLS) task, in which participants named either the head or modifier depending on the number above the compound word, to establish how semantics are involved in processing the head and the modifier. The results demonstrated that semantics influenced the naming of the modifier to a greater extent than the head, with the AoA effect being larger in the modifier than the head. Our findings provide evidence that aligns with the multiple origins of AoA effects in the language processing system.

Neural correlates of combinatorial semantic processing of literal and figurative noun noun compound words

NeuroImage ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1432-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bálint Forgács ◽  
Isabel Bohrn ◽  
Jürgen Baudewig ◽  
Markus J. Hofmann ◽  
Csaba Pléh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Compound Words

Experience with compound words influences their processing: An eye movement investigation with English compound words

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J Juhasz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Recording eye movements provides information on the time-course of word recognition during reading. Juhasz and Rayner [Juhasz, B. J., & Rayner, K. (2003). Investigating the effects of a set of intercorrelated variables on eye fixation durations in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 29, 1312–1318] examined the impact of five word recognition variables, including familiarity and age-of-acquisition (AoA), on fixation durations. All variables impacted fixation durations, but the time-course differed. However, the study focused on relatively short, morphologically simple words. Eye movements are also informative for examining the processing of morphologically complex words such as compound words. The present study further examined the time-course of lexical and semantic variables during morphological processing. A total of 120 English compound words that varied in familiarity, AoA, semantic transparency, lexeme meaning dominance, sensory experience rating (SER), and imageability were selected. The impact of these variables on fixation durations was examined when length, word frequency, and lexeme frequencies were controlled in a regression model. The most robust effects were found for familiarity and AoA, indicating that a reader’s experience with compound words significantly impacts compound recognition. These results provide insight into semantic processing of morphologically complex words during reading.

Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Microbiome Research

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.

EURRECA’s Approach for Estimating Micronutrient Requirements

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Lisette de Groot ◽  
Lee Hooper ◽  
Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Quantitative Integration

In Europe, micronutrient dietary reference values have been established by (inter)national committees of experts and are used by public health policy decision-makers to monitor and assess the adequacy of diets within population groups. The approaches used to derive dietary reference values (including average requirements) vary considerably across countries, and so far no evidence-based reason has been identified for this variation. Nutrient requirements are traditionally based on the minimum amount of a nutrient needed by an individual to avoid deficiency, and is defined by the body’s physiological needs. Alternatively the requirement can be defined as the intake at which health is optimal, including the prevention of chronic diet-related diseases. Both approaches are confronted with many challenges (e. g., bioavailability, inter and intra-individual variability). EURRECA has derived a transparent approach for the quantitative integration of evidence on Intake-Status-Health associations and/or Factorial approach (including bioavailability) estimates. To facilitate the derivation of dietary reference values, EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) is developing a process flow chart to guide nutrient requirement-setting bodies through the process of setting dietary reference values, which aims to facilitate the scientific alignment of deriving these values.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of lexico-semantic processing in American Sign Language

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leonard ◽  
N. Ferjan Ramirez ◽  
C. Torres ◽  
M. Hatrak ◽  
R. Mayberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics
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