Breeding Behaviour of the Emperor Penguin

During the day, photovoltaic (PV) systems are exposed to different sunlight conditions in addition to partial shading (PS). Accordingly, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have become essential for PV systems to secure harvesting the maximum possible power from the PV modules. In this paper, optimized control is performed through the application of relatively newly developed optimization algorithms to PV systems under Partial Shading (PS) conditions. The initial value of the duty cycle of the boost converter is optimized for maximizing the amount of power extracted from the PV arrays. The emperor penguin optimizer (EPO) is proposed not only to optimize the initial setting of duty cycle but to tune the gains of controllers used for the boost converter and the grid-connected inverter of the PV system. In addition, the performance of the proposed system based on the EPO algorithm is compared with another newly developed optimization technique based on the cuttlefish algorithm (CFA). Moreover, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as a reference algorithm to compare results with both EPO and CFA. PSO is chosen since it is an old, well-tested, and effective algorithm. For the evaluation of performance of the proposed PV system using the proposed algorithms under different PS conditions, results are recorded and introduced.

Download Full-text

Improvement of transient and small signal stability in micro grid by hybrid technique with virtual synchronous generator control scheme

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control ◽

10.1177/01423312211013173 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014233122110131

Author(s):

Santhoshkumar Thenpennaisivem ◽

V. Senthilkumar

Keyword(s):

Synchronous Generator ◽

Emperor Penguin ◽

Hybrid Technique ◽

Small Signal ◽

Small Signal Stability ◽

Change Condition ◽

Hunting Behaviour ◽

Micro Grid ◽

Virtual Inertia ◽

Virtual Synchronous Generator

In this article, a hybrid technique is proposed for improving the transient and small signal response in micro grid using virtual inertia. The proposed hybrid technique is the combined execution of both the emperor penguin optimizer (EPO) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), and hence it is called EPOBOA technique. The major objective of the EPOBOA technique is to “optimize the control parameters to regulate the changes occurred in the grid parameter such as voltage and frequency based on the variations of inertia”. Here, the EPO is executed to modify the parameters of virtual synchronous generator units to achieve the objective function. The searching behaviour of the EPO is adapted by using the hunting behaviour of BOA. The proposed technique is executed in MATLAB/Simulink work site, and the experimental results are analyzed under three test cases: normal condition, irradiation change condition, and load change condition. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with different existing techniques and the calculated frequency deviation index of the proposed technique in all the cases is 0.0051, 0.0045, and 0.0047 and found to be very optimal compared with existing methods. Overall, the experimental outcomes show that the proposed EPOBOA method is more efficient and confirm its ability to solve the issues.

Download Full-text

Modified emperor penguin optimizer for optimal allocation of energy storage system and phasor measurement units

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.504 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Ganesh ◽

P. Elangovan ◽

J.S. Richard Jimreeves ◽

J. Subramaniyan

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Optimal Allocation ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Phasor Measurement Units ◽

Emperor Penguin ◽

Phasor Measurement ◽

Measurement Units

Download Full-text

Increased summer food supply decreases non-breeding movement in black-legged kittiwakes

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2019.0725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 20190725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shannon Whelan ◽

Scott A. Hatch ◽

David B. Irons ◽

Alyson McKnight ◽

Kyle H. Elliott

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

Food Supply ◽

Light Level ◽

Food Supplementation ◽

Reproductive Phenology ◽

Rissa Tridactyla ◽

Breeding Behaviour ◽

Unlimited Supply ◽

Migration Phenology ◽

Carry Over

Individual condition at one stage of the annual cycle is expected to influence behaviour during subsequent stages, yet experimental evidence of food-mediated carry-over effects is scarce. We used a food supplementation experiment to test the effects of food supply during the breeding season on migration phenology and non-breeding behaviour. We provided an unlimited supply of fish to black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) during their breeding season on Middleton Island, Alaska, monitored reproductive phenology and breeding success, and used light-level geolocation to observe non-breeding behaviour. Among successful breeders, fed kittiwakes departed the colony earlier than unfed controls. Fed kittiwakes travelled less than controls during the breeding season, contracting their non-breeding range. Our results demonstrate that food supply during the breeding season affects non-breeding phenology, movement and distribution, providing a potential behavioural mechanism underlying observed survival costs of reproduction.

Download Full-text

A new converged Emperor Penguin Optimizer for biding strategy in a day-ahead deregulated market clearing price: A case study in China

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2021.120386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 120386

Author(s):

Xiaohui Lu ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Peifang Wang ◽

Yiming Fan ◽

Fangzhong Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emperor Penguin ◽

Market Clearing ◽

Market Clearing Price

Download Full-text

Breeding behaviour of ectotherms at high latitudes: the case of the natterjack toad Epidalea calamita at its northern range limit

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/1568539x-bja10134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Linda Saare ◽

Riinu Rannap

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Breeding Period ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Range Limit ◽

Photo Identification ◽

Breeding Behaviour ◽

Risk Of Predation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Northern Range Limit

Abstract We explored the breeding behaviour of a threatened amphibian, the natterjack toad, at its northern range limit in Estonia, to determine the extent to which reproduction is affected by harsh and unstable climatic conditions. Using photo identification of specimens, we found that in optimal weather conditions males formed three breeding cohorts, while in adverse conditions only a single cohort occurred and under extreme conditions reproduction was skipped entirely. During the extended breeding season, larger males participated in reproduction throughout the breeding period, while smaller males appeared in later cohorts. Breeding success was related to the calling effort of a male, where larger males had greater mating success than smaller ones. We found that the natterjack toad males exhibit significant plasticity in reproductive behaviour at the northern range limit, which, given the energetic cost of reproduction and the increased risk of predation, allows them to increase their fitness at high latitudes.

Download Full-text