Visualization of Poliovirus Type III in Paraffin Sections of Monkey Spinal Cord by Indirect Immuno-fluorescence

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 200 (4905) ◽  
pp. 497-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KOVÁCS ◽  
R. K. BARATAWIDJAJA ◽  
N. A. LABZOFFSKY
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Type Iii

Imprints, Smears, and Frozen Sections of Brain Tumors

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc G. Reyes ◽  
Fayez M. Homsi ◽  
Larry W. McDonald ◽  
Roberta P. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Middle Fossa ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumors ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Intraoperative Diagnosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Abstract In this study, we compared the suitability and accuracy of imprints, smears, and frozen sections of suspected brain and spinal cord tumors of 150 patients. Eighty-six percent of the imprints, 91% of the smears, and 99% of the frozen sections were suitable for interpretation. Among the suitable preparations, 82% of the imprints, 92% of the smears, and 99% of the frozen sections agreed with our diagnosis on paraffin sections. Although frozen sections were clearly more accurate than imprints and smears, the latter two provided diagnoses in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome where frozen sections were not done to avoid contaminating our cryostat and in a patient with an epidermoid cyst of the middle fossa that could not be adequately frozen sectioned. Our study shows that imprints and smears complement frozen sections in the intraoperative diagnosis of tumors of the central nervous system.

TRANSMISSION OF POLIOVIRUSES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-761
Author(s):  
Paul F. Wehrle ◽  
Felicitas Hagen ◽  
Ory Carbonaro
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
School Children ◽  
Small Community ◽  
School Program ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Open Populations ◽  
Close School

An attenuated poliovirus Type III strain (Leon 12a1b) was fed to six members of a summer recreational school program in a small community in the central part of New York. Transmission of this virus occurred to only 3 of 25 family contacts of these six children and to only 1 of 13 close school associates. In addition, five more casual school and neighborhood contacts became infected during the study period. Thus, only 9 of 100 family and school contacts of these school children became infected during a 5-week study period. The results have been interpreted to suggest that the attenuated poliovirus Type III strain (Leon 12a1b) is less invasive in open populations than the natural polioviruses previously observed. It is likely that the increased prevalence of Coxsackie B2 and B3 infections and perhaps other enteroviruses may have had some effect on the spread of the attenuated polioviruses. However, it seems unlikely that these latter two factors could have explained the striking differences observed.

Lumbar lipomyelomeningocele and sacrococcygeal teratoma in siblings: support for an alternative theory of spinal teratoma formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth F. Oliveria ◽  
Eric M. Thompson ◽  
Nathan R. Selden
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
First Child ◽  
Teratoma Formation

Sacrococcygeal teratomas may arise in association with regional developmental errors affecting the caudal embryonic segments and may originate within lumbosacral lipomas. It is therefore possible that sacrococcygeal teratomas and lumbosacral lipomas represent related disorders of embryogenesis. Accordingly, the authors report the cases of 2 siblings. The first child (female) was born with a mature Altman Type III sacrococcygeal teratoma that was resected when she was a neonate. Subsequently, a younger brother was found soon after birth to have an L-4–level lipomyelomeningocele and underwent partial resection and spinal cord untethering at 4 months of age. Although familial forms of each of these conditions have been reported, this is, to the authors' knowledge, the first reported occurrence of lipomyelomeningocele and sacrococcygeal teratoma in siblings. They propose that an inherited regional tendency to developmental error affecting the caudal embryonic segments was shared by these siblings and resulted in spinal teratoma formation in one of them.

THE WEIGERT-PAL METHOD FOR PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED MATERIAL: I. BULK STAINING AND STAINING OF PARAFFIN SECTIONS

1949 ◽  
Vol 27d (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
J. A. Colin Nicol ◽  
Frank Paul
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Bichromate ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Myelin Sheaths

Three methods of staining myelin sheaths by the Weigert-Pal method in paraffin sections are compared. Hyomandibular nerves and spinal cord of the ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) and tibial and peroneal nerves of the white rat were used. Fixation and mordanting comprised: 10% neutral formol, 48 hr.; 2.5% potassium bichromate at 37 °C., 12 days; gliabeze, 2 days. The tissue was washed for 24 hr., and stained for 24 hr. either in bulk, or while in paraffin sections, or on the slide after coating with celloidin. Kulschitzky's haematoxylin, freshly prepared and artificially ripened, was used for staining. Differentiation was carried out by Pal's method. Bulk staining gave most satisfactory results, with the other methods as second and third alternatives, respectively. Treating the sections with safranin and dehydrating in dioxan was found to give a satisfactory counterstain.

scholarly journals Clinical and Radiological Characterization of an Infant with Caudal Regression Syndrome Type III

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kavinda Dayasiri ◽  
V. Thadchanamoorthy ◽  
Kaushika Thudugala ◽  
Aruni Ranaweera ◽  
N. Parthipan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Syndrome Type ◽  
Caudal Regression Syndrome ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Caudal Regression ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Caudal regression syndrome is a rare disorder of developmental failure of lumbosacral vertebra and corresponding spinal cord during notochord formation. The severity varies from absent coccyx to complete absence of lumbosacral vertebra and caudal spinal cord. Both genetic and environmental factors are believed to play roles in aetiopathogenesis of caudal regression. The authors report a two-month-old child born to a diabetic mother, in whom the diagnosis of caudal regression syndrome type III was confirmed based on clinical and radiological characteristics. The child was managed by the multidisciplinary team to continue supportive care and screen and monitor for long-term complications. The long-term prognosis for mobility was less favourable given the presence of bilateral hip dysplasia and involvement of lumbar vertebra in addition to sacral agenesis.

scholarly journals Sabin attenuated LSc/2ab strain of poliovirus spreads to the spinal cord from a peripheral nerve in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata)

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Ponnuraj ◽  
T. Jacob John ◽  
Myron J. Levin ◽  
Eric A. F. Simoes
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Poliovirus Type

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is a serious concern while using the live attenuated oral polio vaccine for the eradication of poliomyelitis. The bonnet monkey model of poliovirus central nervous system (CNS) infection following experimental inoculation into the ulnar nerve allows the comparative study of wild-type and attenuated poliovirus invasiveness. Dosages ⩾104 TCID50 of Mahoney strain of poliovirus type 1 [PV1(M)] result in paralysis. In contrast, even with 107 TCID50 of Sabin attenuated strain of poliovirus type 1 (LSc/2ab), no paralysis occurs, but virus spreads into the CNS where viral RNA is found in spinal cord neurons. While wild-type PV1(M) viral RNA replicates in neurons (and possibly in glial cells) and in cells around vessel walls, which may be mononuclear or endothelial cells, attenuated viral RNA is detected only in neurons. Systemic viraemia and gastrointestinal virus shedding occurs only in PV1(M)-infected animals. While a systemic serologic response is detected in both groups of animals, cerebrospinal fluid antibodies are detected only in animals infected with PV1(M). Both the PV1(M) and LSc/2ab strains spread to the cervical spinal cord and then to the lumbar spinal cord following ulnar nerve inoculation. Neuronophagia and neuronal loss are only seen in PV1(M)-infected monkeys in whom clinical paralysis is observed. Infection with LSc/2ab does not result in neuronophagia, neuronal loss or clinical paralysis. Spread of attenuated poliovirus in spinal cord neurons without causing paralysis following inoculation into the ulnar nerve is an important finding.

Spinal Cord Monitoring in Patients with SMA Type III: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Konzett ◽  
H. Schober ◽  
A. Blassnig-Ezeh ◽  
J. Lütschg ◽  
B. Simma
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Spinal Cord Monitoring ◽  
Type Iii

Cilostazol, a Type III Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Reduces Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Spinal Cord Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ali Sahin ◽  
Burak Onan ◽  
Adem Guler ◽  
Emin Oztas ◽  
B�lent Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Spinal Ischemia ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Ischemia Group

<p><b>Background:</b> Spinal cord injury is still a devastating complication after surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of cilostazol, a type III phosphodiesterase inhibitor, against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced spinal cord injury in rats.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Twenty-four rats were assigned to 3 experimental study groups: the control group (sham operation, n = 8); the ischemia group (nontreated, n = 8), which underwent aortic occlusion without pharmacologic intervention; and the cilostazol-treated group (n = 8), which received 20 mg/kg cilostazol per day orally for 3 days before spinal ischemia. All animals underwent a 45-minute period of spinal cord ischemia via clamping of the abdominal aorta between the left renal artery and the aortic bifurcation; removal of the aortic clamp was followed by reperfusion. Neurologic status was assessed before spinal ischemia and at 48 hours after the operation. All animals were sacrificed at 48 hours after the operation. Spinal cords were harvested for histopathologic examination and biochemical analyses for the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Tarlov scores at postoperative hour 48 tended to be higher in the cilostazol-treated group than in the nontreated ischemia group (mean � SD, 3.66 � 0.40 versus 2.32 � 0.80; <i>P</i> = .08). Spinal cord tissue MDA levels (per gram protein) were lower in the cilostazol-treated group than in the nontreated ischemia group (0.27 � 0.01 mmol/g versus 0.33 � 0.04 mmol/g, <i>P</i> = .026), and the cilostazol-treated group had higher activities of tissue SOD (519.6 � 56.3 U/g versus 438.9 � 67.4 U/g, <i>P</i> = .016) and GSH-Px (4.07 � 1.37 U/g versus 3.21 � 1.02 U/g, <i>P</i> = .47) than the nontreated ischemia group. Histopathologic analyses demonstrated that cilostazol treatment attenuated I/R-induced cellular damage.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Administration of cilostazol before spinal cord ischemia reduced neurologic injury and produced clinical improvement by attenuating oxidative stress in this rat spinal cord I/R model.</p>

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