scholarly journals Cortisol and ghrelin concentrations following a cold pressor stress test in overweight individuals with and without night eating

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1104-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Geliebter ◽  
S Carnell ◽  
M E Gluck
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Night Eating

scholarly journals Mitigating Initial Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanistic Roles of Muscle Contraction Versus Sympathetic Activation

Hypertension ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasia Sheikh ◽  
Aaron A. Phillips ◽  
Shaun Ranada ◽  
Matthew Lloyd ◽  
Karolina Kogut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Involuntary Muscle ◽  
Initial Orthostatic Hypotension

Background: Initial orthostatic hypotension (IOH) is defined by a large drop in blood pressure (BP) within 15 s of standing. IOH often presents during an active stand, but not with a passive tilt, suggesting that a muscle activation reflex involving lower body muscles plays an important role. To our knowledge, there is no literature exploring how sympathetic activation affects IOH. We hypothesized involuntary muscle contractions before standing would significantly reduce the drop in BP seen in IOH while increasing sympathetic activity would not. Methods: Study participants performed 4 sit-to-stand maneuvers including a mental stress test (serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test), cold pressor test, electrical stimulation, and no intervention. Continuous heart rate and beat-to-beat BP were measured. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were estimated from these waveforms. Data are presented as mean±SD. Results: A total of 23 female IOH participants (31±8 years) completed the study. The drops in systolic BP following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−26±12 mm Hg; P =0.004), cold pressor test (−20±15 mm Hg; P <0.001), and electrical stimulation (−28±12 mm Hg; P =0.01) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−34±11 mm Hg). The drops in systemic vascular resistance following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−391±206 dyne×s/cm 5 ; P =0.006) and cold pressor test (−386±179 dyne×s/cm 5 ; P =0.011) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−488±173 dyne×s/cm 5 ). Cardiac output was significantly increased upon standing (7±2 L/min) compared with during the sit (6±1 L/min; P <0.001) for electrical stimulation. Conclusion: Sympathetic activation mitigates the BP response in IOH, while involuntary muscle contraction mitigates the BP response and reduces symptoms. Active muscle contractions may induce both of these mechanisms of action in their pretreatment of IOH. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03970551.

Sympathetic activation decreases medium-sized arterial compliance in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. H1368-H1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boutouyrie ◽  
P. Lacolley ◽  
X. Girerd ◽  
L. Beck ◽  
M. Safar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pressor Test

This study used a precise noninvasive method in normotensive humans to determine the effects of sympathetic activation on arterial compliance. A recently developed, high-resolution echo-tracking system capable of measuring systolic/diastolic variations of arterial diameter was coupled to a Finapres system and used to calculate instantaneous systolic/diastolic pressure-diameter and compliance-pressure curves for a muscular medium-sized artery, the radial artery. Two standardized tests of sympathetic system activation, a cold pressor test (2 min) and a mental stress test (2 min of mental arithmetic), were performed at an interval of 8 days in random order in nine healthy volunteers [30 +/- 9 (SD) yr]. Radial arterial parameters were recorded every 30 s for 9 min, which included 2 min of cold pressor test or mental stress test. During both tests, radial arterial mean diameter did not change despite t he increase in mean arterial pressure (P < 0.001); stroke change in diameter decreased (P < 0.01), whereas pulse pressure increased (P < 0.01). Arterial compliance, calculated for the instantaneous level of mean arterial pressure, decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Compliance (C) calculated at 100 mmHg (C100) was arbitrarily chosen as a reference point for comparing compliance among the different periods of the test. C100 decreased significant (P < 0.05) during both tests (from 2.93 +/- 1.27 to 2.04 +/- 0.94 and from 3.29 +/- 1.73 to 2.63 +/- 1.55 mm2.mmHg-1.10(-3) during mental stress and the cold pressor test, respectively). These results indicate that sympathetic activation is able to decrease radial arterial compliance in healthy subjects. The reduction in arterial compliance probably resulted from complex interactions between changes in distending blood pressure and changes in radial arterial smooth muscle tone.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) in the general population

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Becker ◽  
Ursula Schade ◽  
Nicolas Rohleder
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Group Test ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Measurement Time Point ◽  
Cortisol Increase ◽  
Ice Water

Background In stress research, economic instruments for introducing acute stress responses are needed. In this study, we investigated whether the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) induces salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and/or cortisol responses in the general population and whether this is associated with anthropometric, experimental, and lifestyle factors. Methods A sample of 91 participants from the general population was recruited. Salivary cortisol and sAA levels were assessed prior to (t0), immediately after (t1), and 10 min after the SECPT-G (t2). Results A robust cortisol increase was found immediately after the SECPT-G, which further increased between t1 and t2. This was independent of most of the control variables. However, men showed a trend toward higher cortisol increases than women (p = 0.005). No sAA responses were found at all. However, sAA levels were dependent on measurement time point with highest levels between 9 pm and 9:30 pm. Participants who immersed their hands into the ice water for the maximally allowed time of 3 min showed higher sAA levels at all time points than participants who removed their hands from the water earlier. Conclusions We conclude that the SECPT-G is a good means of an acute stress test when cortisol—but not necessarily sAA—responses are intended.

Pitfalls in the assessment of cardiovascular reflexes in patients with sympathetic failure but intact vagal control

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. van Lieshout ◽  
W. Wieling ◽  
K. H. Wesseling ◽  
J. M. Karemaker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽  
Vagal Control

1. Two patients are described who presented with orthostatic hypotension as the main symptom. The diagnosis was sympathetic failure with intact vagal control. 2. Unusual test result's were obtained. Assessment of the integrity of the total baroreflex arc by the Valsalva manoeuvre measuring only heart rate changes proved impossible, since the magnitude and time course of the heart rate response were normal notwithstanding the presence of a blood pressure response typical of sympathetic failure. 3. Sustained handgrip, cold pressor test and mental stress test all could induce a rise in blood pressure, despite the presence of sympathetic vasomotor lesions, but only when accompanied by a rise in heart rate. Efferent parasympathetic blockade by atropine, resulting in an increase in heart rate, was also accompanied by a substantial rise in blood pressure. These findings seem to result from a heart rate rise dependent increase in cardiac output unopposed by reflex vasodilatation. 4. In these patients the only baroreflex way to control blood pressure is by varying heart rate. This condition can be evaluated only if blood pressure and heart rate are measured on a beat-by-beat basis.

Poor Tolerance and Limited Effects of Isosorbide-5-Mononitrate in Microvascular Angina

Cardiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Wu ◽  
Angelo Villano ◽  
Giulio Russo ◽  
Antonino Di Franco ◽  
Alessandra Stazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Microvascular Angina ◽  
Poor Tolerance ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Artery Flow

Objectives: To assess the effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) in patients with microvascular angina (MVA). Methods: We randomized 20 MVA patients, treated with a β-blocker or a calcium antagonist, to 60 mg slow-release ISMN (halved to 30 mg if not tolerated) or placebo once a day for 4 weeks; the patients were then switched to the other treatment for another 4 weeks. Their clinical status was assessed with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and the EuroQoL score for quality of life. The exercise stress test (EST), coronary blood flow (CBF) response to nitrate and the cold pressor test (CPT), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate-mediated dilation (NMD) were also assessed. Results: Nine patients (45%) did not complete the ISMN phase due to side effects; 2 patients refused a follow-up. Nine patients completed the study. The SAQ and EuroQoL scores were significantly better with ISMN than with placebo, although the differences were small. No differences were found between the treatments in the EST results, CBF response to nitroglycerin (p = 0.55) and the CPT (p = 0.54), FMD (p = 0.26) and NMD (p = 0.35). Conclusions: In this study, a high proportion of MVA patients showed an intolerance to ISMN; in those tolerating the drug, significant effects on their angina status were observed, but the benefit appeared to be modest and independent of effects on coronary microvascular function.

scholarly journals Effect of Sub-maximal Exercise Stress on Cold Pressor Pain: A Gender Based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Pokhrel ◽  
SL Malik ◽  
AH Ansari ◽  
BJ Paudel ◽  
R Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Cold Pressor Pain ◽  
Pain Test

Background Analgesic effect of exercise is a well established fact; however available reports are contradictory on gender differences in pain perception following exercise stress test. Objective The current study is prospectively designed to evaluate and compare the effect of acute bout of sub-maximal exercise stress on cold pressor pain in normal adult males and females. Method The experimental study design involved healthy adults (n= 41); females (n = 18) and males (n=23) aged between 18 to 25 years and included them into four sets of experiments: SET I (Control), “resting blood pressure, radial pulse and respiratory rate were recorded after 15 minutes of complete supine relaxation. SET II (Cold Pressor Pain Test): Pain Threshold, Pain Tolerance, and Pain Duration in seconds were taken. SET III (Exercise Stress Test): Sub-maximal exercise of 70 to 75% of maximum predicted heart rate was given for 6 minutes. SET IV (Cold Pressor Pain Test immediately after Exercise Stress Test): At 0 minute of recovery again the pain parameters; Pain Threshold, Pain Tolerance, and Pain Duration in seconds were taken. SET I, SET II were performed in order on the first day and SET III and SET IV on the second day to ensure only a single Cold Pressor Pain Test is performed in each day. Result The data (Mean ±SD) analysis showed significant increased in pain threshold (males: 14.36±10.6 Vs 21.47±13seconds, p<0.001, females: 14.1±11.5 Vs 23.81± 20.22 seconds, p<0.001) and pain tolerance time (males: 41.3±19.31Vs 54.1±21.7 seconds, p<0.001) in both sexes after 6 min of acute bout of sub-maximal exercise stress test with comparable age, BMI and baseline resting values of pain parameters and pulse rate and blood pressure. The percentage increment pain tolerance time following the exercise stress in female is higher than male (78.6 Vs 68.9%). Conclusion The result suggests that pain sensation decreases immediately after a brief period of exercise challenge irrespective of gender, and the analgesic effect of the acute bout of exercise in terms of pain tolerant time is more enhanced in females than males. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11028 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 54-59

scholarly journals Ghrelin Levels After a Cold Pressor Stress Test in Obese Women With Binge Eating Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci E. Gluck ◽  
Eric Yahav ◽  
Sami A. Hashim ◽  
Allan Geliebter
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Obese Women

scholarly journals Evaluation of the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) in the general population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Becker ◽  
Ursula Schade ◽  
Nicolas Rohleder
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Group Test ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Cortisol Increase

Background. In stress research, economic instruments for introducing acute stress responses are needed. In this study, we investigated whether the socially evaluated cold-pressor group test (SECPT-G) induces salivary alpha-amylase and/or cortisol responses in the general population and whether it is associated with anthropometric, experimental, and lifestyle factors. Methods. A total of 91 participants was recruited. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase levels were assessed prior (t0), immediately after (t1), and ten minutes after the SECPT-G (t2). Results. A strong cortisol increase was found immediately after the SECPT-G, which further increased between t1 and t2. This was independent of most of the control variables. However, men showed stronger cortisol increases than women. No sAA responses were found at all. Conclusions. We conclude that the SECPT-G is a good means of an acute stress test when cortisol – but not necessarily sAA – responses are intended.

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