Retrograde Tracing of Nerve Fibers to the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery with True Blue: Colocalization with Different Peptides

The origin of nerve fibers to the rat middle cerebral artery was studied by retrograde tracing with the fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) in combination with immunocytochemistry to known perivascular peptides. Application of TB to the middle cerebral artery labeled nerve cell bodies in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, the otic ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the trigeminal ganglion, and the cervical dorsal root ganglion at level C2. A few labeled nerve cell bodies were seen in contralateral ganglia. Judging from the number and intensity of the labeling, the superior cervical ganglion and the trigeminal ganglion and dorsal root ganglion at level C2 contributed most to the innervation. A moderate number of nerve cell bodies were labeled in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. The TB-labeled nerve cell bodies were further examined for the presence of neuropeptides. For that purpose antibodies raised against neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were used. A considerable portion of the TB-labeled nerve cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion contained NPY. About half of the labeled nerve cell bodies in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia contained VIP. In the trigeminal ganglion and in the dorsal root ganglion at level C2, one-third of the TB-labeled nerve cell bodies were CGRP-immunoreactive, while only few nerve cell bodies contained SP. The study provides direct evidence for the origin of cerebrovascular peptidergic nerve fibers and demonstrates that not only ipsilateral but also contralateral ganglia contribute to the innervation of the cerebral circulation.

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Glutamate decarboxylase activity in the rat posterior pituitary, pineal gland, dorsal root ganglion and superior cervical ganglion

Journal of Neurochemistry ◽

10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb00341.x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 1267-1269 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

I. Kanazawa ◽

L. L. Iversen ◽

J. S. Kelly

Keyword(s):

Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽

Pineal Gland ◽

Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽

Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Posterior Pituitary ◽

Cervical Ganglion

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Expression of unique sets of GPI-linked proteins by different primary neurons in vitro.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.117.3.617 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 617-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

C L Rosen ◽

M P Lisanti ◽

J L Salzer

Keyword(s):

Membrane Proteins ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽

Primary Neurons ◽

Cervical Ganglion ◽

Ganglion Neurons

We have surveyed the proteins expressed at the surface of different primary neurons as a first step in elucidating how axons regulate their ensheathment by glial cells. We characterized the surface proteins of dorsal root ganglion neurons, superior cervical ganglion neurons, and cerebellar granule cells which are myelinated, ensheathed but unmyelinated, and unensheathed, respectively. We found that the most abundant proteins are common to all three types of neurons. Reproducible differences in the composition of the integral membrane proteins (enriched by partitioning into a Triton X-114 detergent phase) were detected. These differences were most striking when the expression of glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins by these different neurons was compared. Variations in the relative abundance and degree of glycosylation of several well known GPI-anchored proteins, including Thy-1, F3/F11, and the 120-kD form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), and an abundant 60-kD GPI-linked protein were observed. In addition, we have identified several potentially novel GPI-anchored glycoproteins on each class of neurons. These include a protein that is present only on superior cervical ganglion neurons and is 90 kD; an abundant protein of 69 kD that is essentially restricted in its expression to dorsal root ganglion neurons; and proteins of 38 and 31 kD that are expressed only on granule cell neurons. Finally, the relative abundance of the three major isoforms of N-CAM was found to vary significantly between these different primary neurons. These results are the first demonstration that nerve fibers with diverse ensheathment fates differ significantly in the composition of their surface proteins and suggest an important role for GPI-anchored proteins in generating diversity of the neuronal cell surface.

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Functional profiles of SCN9A variants in dorsal root ganglion neurons and superior cervical ganglion neurons correlate with autonomic symptoms in small fibre neuropathy

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/aws187 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 135 (9) ◽

pp. 2613-2628 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Chongyang Han ◽

Janneke G. J. Hoeijmakers ◽

Shujun Liu ◽

Monique M. Gerrits ◽

Rene H. M. te Morsche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽

Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽

Autonomic Symptoms ◽

Small Fibre Neuropathy ◽

Small Fibre ◽

Cervical Ganglion ◽

Ganglion Neurons ◽

Functional Profiles

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Pulsed Radiofrequency Application at Some Dorsal Root Ganglions Could Cause Drastic Neuromodulation throughout the Whole Body

Pain Management Case Reports ◽

10.36076/pmcr.2017/1/223 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

Young-Chang Arai

Keyword(s):

Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽

Analgesic Effect ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Nervous Tissue ◽

Case Series ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Whole Body ◽

Intractable Pain ◽

Pulsed Radiofrequency ◽

Modified Technique

Background: The modified technique, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) procedure, applied to nervous tissue has been providing anecdotal benefits for the management of chronic and intractable pain conditions. Although PRF has a neuromodulatory effect instead of thermally lesioning nervous tissue, the mechanism underlying the analgesic effect of PRF has not been fully clarified yet. Objectives: To see the changes of electricallyevoked responses of peripheral A-δ and A-β nerve fibers and the analgesic effect induced by PRF. Study Design: Case series. Setting: Inpatient. Methods: This study investigated how dorsal root ganglion (DRG) PRF influenced electricallyevoked responses of peripheral A-δ and A-β nerve fibers at the treated root ganglion dominating areas in five patients with intractable vertebral metastatic pain. Results: DRG PRF provided sound pain relief for patients with intractable vertebral metastatic pain. PRF application at DRGs had a different effect on electrically-evoked responses of peripheral A-δ and A-β nerve fibers at not only the treated root ganglion dominating areas but also the nontreated root ganglion dominating areas far from the treated root ganglion dominating areas in each patient. Limitation: This report is a case series. Conclusions: PRF application at some peripheral nerves could cause drastic neuromodulation throughout the whole body. Key words: Pulsed radiofrequency, dorsal root ganglion block, neuromodulation

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Nerve Fibers Containing Neuropeptide Y in the Cerebrovascular Bed: Immunocytochemistry, Radioimmunoassay, and Vasomotor Effects

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1987.7 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 45-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

L. Edvinsson ◽

J. R. Copeland ◽

P. C. Emson ◽

J. McCulloch ◽

R. Uddman

Keyword(s):

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Calcium Entry Blocker ◽

Cervical Ganglion ◽

Prostaglandin F ◽

6 Hydroxydopamine

Perivascular nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity were identified around cerebral blood vessels of human, cat, guinea pig, rat, and mouse. The major cerebral arteries were invested by dense plexuses; veins, small arteries, and arterioles were accompanied by few fibers. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion resulted in a reduction of NPY-like material in pial vessels and dura mater. Pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine or reserpine reduced the number of visible NPY fibers and the concentration of NPY in rat cerebral vessels. Sequential immuno-staining with antibodies toward dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of noradrenaline) and NPY revealed an identical localization of DBH and NPY in nerve cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion and in perivascular fibers of pial blood vessels, suggesting their coexistence. Administration of NPY in vitro resulted in concentration-dependent contractions that were not modified by a sympathectomy. The contractions induced by noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and prostaglandin F2α and the dilator responses to calcitonin gene-related peptide were not modified by NPY in rat cerebral arteries. However, the constrictor response to NPY was reduced by 70% in the presence of the calcium entry blocker nifedipine, and abolished following incubation in a calcium-free buffer. These data suggest an interaction of NPY at a postsynaptic site, which for induction of contraction may open calcium channels in the sarcolemma of cerebral arteries.

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