scholarly journals SSRI administration reduces resting state functional connectivity in dorso-medial prefrontal cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
C McCabe ◽  
Z Mishor ◽  
N Filippini ◽  
P J Cowen ◽  
M J Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals Insensitive parenting may accelerate the development of the amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex circuit

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Thijssen ◽  
Ryan L. Muetzel ◽  
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg ◽  
Vincent W. V. Jaddoe ◽  
Henning Tiemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Parental Sensitivity ◽  
Gender Interaction ◽  
Sensitivity Score

AbstractThis study examined whether the association between age and amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) connectivity in typically developing 6- to 10-year-old children is correlated with parental care. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 124 children of the Generation R Study who at 4 years old had been observed interacting with their parents to assess maternal and paternal sensitivity. Amygdala functional connectivity was assessed using a general linear model with the amygdalae time series as explanatory variables. Higher level analyses assessing Sensitivity × Age as well as exploratory Sensitivity × Age × Gender interaction effects were performed restricted to voxels in the mPFC. We found significant Sensitivity × Age interaction effects on amygdala–mPFC connectivity. Age was related to stronger amygdala–mPFC connectivity in children with a lower combined parental sensitivity score (b = 0.11, p = .004, b = 0.06, p = .06, right and left amygdala, respectively), but not in children with a higher parental sensitivity score, (b = –0.07, p = .12, b = –0.06, p = .12, right and left amygdala, respectively). A similar effect was found for maternal sensitivity, with stronger amygdala–mPFC connectivity in children with less sensitive mothers. Exploratory (parental, maternal, paternal) Sensitivity × Age × Gender interaction analyses suggested that this effect was especially pronounced in girls. Amygdala-mPFC resting-state functional connectivity has been shown to increase from age 10.5 years onward, implying that the positive association between age and amygdala–mPFC connectivity in 6- to 10-year-old children of less sensitive parents represents accelerated development of the amygdala–mPFC circuit.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49-S50
Author(s):  
Lydia Shackshaft
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms

AimsSevere and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) is a challenging condition to treat, with limited therapeutic options, high morbidity, and the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric illness. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment option, as evidence demonstrates promising efficacy in improving mood and reducing core Anorexia Nervosa symptoms, as well as safety and tolerability to patients. We aimed to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of rTMS use in SE-AN patients by assessing changes in resting state functional connectivity, in the first functional neuroimaging analysis investigating rTMS effects in Anorexia Nervosa patients.Method26 females with a current diagnosis of SE-AN received 20 sessions of sham or real high frequency rTMS (10 hertz) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a randomised double-blind trial. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after rTMS. Neural correlates of rTMS treatment were identified using a seed-based functional connectivity analysis with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral amygdalae as regions of interest. Functional connectivity differences were analysed using t-contrasts in a mixed ANOVA (flexible factorial analysis) to assess interactions between treatment group (real rTMS vs sham) and time-point (pre or post TMS).ResultNo statistically significant changes in resting-state functional connectivity were observed post-rTMS compared to baseline in participants receiving active rTMS compared to sham. Increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and left pre-supplementary motor area was observed to reach cluster-wise significance (PFWE < 0.05). However, after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (3 seed regions), this did not reach the significance threshold PFWE <0.017.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for further investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms, including resting-state functional connectivity modulation, resulting from rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in SE-AN patients. This requires higher powered studies to account for heterogeneity in treatment response. We have provided some indication that high frequency rTMS may have therapeutic benefit in SE-AN by modification of functional connectivity between prefrontal and limbic brain regions, resulting in improved top-down cognitive control over emotional processing and ability to enact goal-directed behaviours, enabling secondary reductions in eating disorder behaviours.

Resting state functional connectivity of the anterior striatum and prefrontal cortex predicts reading performance in school-age children

2017 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarael Alcauter ◽  
Liliana García-Mondragón ◽  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Martha B. Moreno ◽  
Juan J. Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity
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