The Biological Behavior of High-Grade Glioma in H3K27M Mutant Circumscribed Midline Gliomas

Purpose Due to the prognosis of circumscribed middle gliomas（CMGs）with H3K27M mutation is still unclear. This study explored the prognostic stratification of （CMGs） with H3K27M mutation.Methods: One hundred and sixty middle gliomas（MGs）were identified over 10 years. Immunohistochemistry was done for H3K27M, ATRX, IDH1, and P53, and Sanger sequencing performed for IDH and H3 genes. The clinicopathological characteristics were reviewed and survival analysis performed.Results: 1. H3K27M mutation was associated with a poor prognosis (p = 0.00017) for brainstem gliomas, but not for thalamic gliomas (p = 0.3). In the elder adults (≥40 years), there was no correlation between H3K27M mutation and the prognosis for MGs (p = 0.49).2. For H3K27M mutant MGs, there was no difference in prognosis between diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) and CMGs (p = 0.211), also between the CNS WHO grades.3. The prognosis of H3K27M mutant CMGs of CNS WHO grade 1 was worse than that of H3K27M wild-type CMGs (p = 0.0024), even worse than of DMGs without H3K27M mutation of CNS WHO grade 2(p = 0.0066). There was no significant difference in prognosis from DMGs with histological grades CNS WHO grade 3 and 4 (p = 0.46).Conclusions: The weight value of H3K27M affecting prognosis is affected by location and age. CMGs with H3K27M mutation have biological behavior similar to high-grade gliomas. It is recommended that Treatment management was referenced to high-grade glioma for CMGs with H3K27 mutation.

Multi-method Examination of Elder Mistreatment in the Age of COVID-19

A multi-method study exposed COVID-19 influence on the pre-existing epidemic of elder mistreatment in Utah. We found changes in 1) abuse types, 2) service responses, 3) firearm access and 4) policy implications. Gun sales were tracked by news surveillance and FBI National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) for pre-pandemic (2018/2019) and pandemic years (2020/2021). New requests for permits skyrocketed during the pandemic. The 2021 Utah State Legislature loosened restrictions on concealed permits. Domestic violence (DV) Fatality Tracker Data in pre-covid years were compared to 2020-2021. A figure illustrates the prevalence of DV fatalities, ages of victims by year and methods used. We conducted 15 in-depth interviews of stake holders who serve DV victims (shelters, police, etc.). DV shelters had a relative lack of children during the pandemic, but increased use by older persons 60+. Susceptibility to chronic respiratory distress syndrome, required social distance for older persons. DV shelters obtained CARES Act funds to adapt solutions, like placing victims in hotel rooms. Most victims stayed at home, confined with abuser(s), some without technology, so isolation decreased their safety. Evidence suggests some fatalities among elder adults. A case study during the pandemic described a 73-year-old mother’s suspicious bank account activity. Bank employees sent police to her home. She was missing, but her co-resident adult son was in possession of her bank cards. She was later found in a shallow grave. Utah households have increased risks of DV fatalities in the wake of the pandemic and for years to come.

A Random Walk-Based Method to Identify Candidate Genes Associated With Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a serious type of cancer, especially for adolescents and elder adults, although this malignancy is quite rare compared with other types of cancer. The cause of this malignancy remains ambiguous. Genetic factor is deemed to be highly associated with the initiation and progression of lymphoma, and several genes have been related to this disease. Determining the pathogeny of lymphoma by identifying the related genes is important. In this study, we presented a random walk-based method to infer the novel lymphoma-associated genes. From the reported 1,458 lymphoma-associated genes and protein–protein interaction network, raw candidate genes were mined by using the random walk with restart algorithm. The determined raw genes were further filtered by using three screening tests (i.e., permutation, linkage, and enrichment tests). These tests could control false-positive genes and screen out essential candidate genes with strong linkages to validate the lymphoma-associated genes. A total of 108 inferred genes were obtained. Analytical results indicated that some inferred genes, such as RAC3, TEC, IRAK2/3/4, PRKCE, SMAD3, BLK, TXK, PRKCQ, were associated with the initiation and progression of lymphoma.

Bone and Lean Mass Loss and Cognitive Impairment for Healthy Elder Adults: Analysis of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016 and a Validation Study With Structural Equation Modeling

Purpose: Bone and lean mass loss and cognitive impairment are prevalent in elder adults and have been hypothesized to share a potential link.Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study systemically sampled elder adults aged ≥65 years and conducted the door-to-door survey. The causal diagrams help to decide which covariates were included in the generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed for the validation.Results: A total of 535 participants were enrolled and categorized into the normal (67.3%), mild cognitive impairment (18.3%), and dementia groups (14.4%). With increasing in the severity of cognitive impairment, the bone marrow density and lean mass consistently showed the trend of decreasing values. In the GLMMs, a significant association existed between the decrease of the bone mineral density (BMD) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (β = 5.819 scores per g/cm2 decrease, p = 0.0305) with adjustment of the age, sex, and physical activity. The SEM models confirmed that the MMSE was significantly and directly predicted by the age (β = 0.1363, p = 0.0003) and BMD (β = 0.1251, p = 0.0006) independently and indirectly predicted by lean mass (β = 0.1138, p = 0.0003) through the bone density path.Conclusion: In conclusion, an independent association between bone loss and cognitive impairment was existed rather than the confounding effect and the decrease of lean mass indirectly contributed to cognitive impairment by influencing the bone density.

Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Adults

Walnut consumption is associated with health benefits. We aimed to (1) examine the association between walnut consumption and mortality and (2) estimate life expectancy in relation to walnut consumption in U.S. adults. We included 67,014 women of the Nurses’ Health Study (1998–2018) and 26,326 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998–2018) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During up to 20 years of follow-up, we documented 30,263 deaths. The hazard ratios for total mortality across categories of walnut intake (servings/week), as compared to non-consumers, were 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91, 0.98) for <1 serving/week, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89, 0.99) for 1 serving/week, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82, 0.93) for 2–4 servings/week, and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79, 0.93) for >=5 servings/week (p for trend <0.0001). A greater life expectancy at age 60 (1.30 years in women and 1.26 years in men) was observed among those who consumed walnuts more than 5 servings/week compared to non-consumers. Higher walnut consumption was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality and a greater gained life expectancy among U.S. elder adults.

A Review Study of a Green Diet and Healthy Ageing

Nowadays people are living longer, and there has been a substantial growth in the global elderly population in the past decades. While life expectancy is increasing, there are growing concerns towards the heavy financial and social burdens related to chronic diseases among the elderly. These have been critical health care issues, and healthy ageing is considered a top priority in public health. Diet and eating habits are crucial factors contributing to healthy ageing. These important aspects have attracted much attention in health research, particularly in consideration of the causes and management of chronic conditions which affect most elder adults in the world. Recently, a growing number of investigations have reported significant findings on the association of reduction in the risks of chronic non-communicable diseases with plant-based diets. Meanwhile, there have been worldwide initiatives and programmes implemented for reduction of salt intake. A green diet, which emphasises the consumption of a diet rich in plant foods with minimal portions of red or processed meat and reduced salt intake, is advocated with due consideration to the importance of sustainable environment and healthy ageing. This paper highlights a brief review of the recent advance of knowledge in diet and health, its effects on the elderly and the significance of a green diet on healthy ageing. Implications for a green diet and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

Education and digital competencies of elder adults

The next decade was announced by WHO as the Decade of Healthy Aging. This is the answer to the social issue of highly developed countries, which is the aging of the society. In this context, there is the problem of active participation of seniors in social life, and especially the prevention of their social marginalization. Hence, projects that counteract exclusion and support active aging processes largely refer to modern technologies. Searching for answers to these questions and dilemmas, this text adopts an interdisciplinary approach, situating undertaken analyzes in the context of theories of aging, motivation as well as learning and using new technologies. The conclusions of the research undertaken – theoretical and empirical studies – undermine the hypothesis of digital exclusion of seniors perceived as the age group category. In the light of this research, it seems that education is the factor that influences the development of digital divide and digital inequalities within the community.