Students' perspectives on sexual harassment of genders in public places in the Southeast region

Sexual harassment in public places is a matter of concern in Vietnam. The purpose of this article is to understand and explain gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment in public places, which is based on Brooks Gardner's gender interaction perspective. The study used both quantitative analysis based on the Chi-square test procedure and analysis of in-depth interview data coded by NVivo software. Research results showed that there were gender differences in the perceptions of students in the Southeast region in terms of the forms, causes, and consequences of sexual harassment in public places. To improve understanding and reduce gender differences, it is necessary to organize communication activities to raise awareness and skills to prevent this evil in universities.

The Normative Study of Acoustic and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Voice among Healthy Adult Turkish Speaker Population

Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS Model 6600) is an evaluation instrument that assesses the effectiveness of surgical interventions, treatments, and therapy for voice disorders. It can be used for the assessment of voice disorders by supporting other perceptual and instrumental methods. It is important to establish normative data, because the use of appropriate norms is necessary for diagnostic and descriptive accuracy. Therefore, this study is aimed primarily at establishing adult normative databases for phonatory aerodynamic measures obtained with the KayPENTAX PAS Model 6600 among healthy adult Turkish speakers and then examining the effect of age, gender, and age-gender interaction variables on these measures. The contribution of the study is considered so important since it will generate normative data for all measurements—except the mean pitch—by the five protocols of PAS for the first time. Two hundred and six healthy Turkish speakers with normal voice (106 women and 100 men) were included in the study and stratified into three age groups. Forty-five phonatory aerodynamic measures across five PAS protocols (vital capacity, maximum sustained phonation, comfortable sustained phonation, variation in sound pressure level, and voicing efficiency) were collected. Age, gender, and age-gender interaction variables were analyzed for 45 PAS parameters. Significant gender and age effect was found for 30 and 19 variables, respectively. Gender-age interaction together was observed for only 6 parameters. Significant differences were not found for the remaining 10 parameters. Significant age and gender effects were observed for 35 phonatory and aerodynamic measures which are essential part of the objective clinical assessment of voice. Consequently, normative data used as reference in voice assessment should be generated according to age and gender differences.

Body and Sartorial Paradox in Physical Education: A New Look at the Gender Interaction and Co-Educational System in Physical Education Class

Since the Tunisian Revolution of 2010, two views (modernism and conservatism) conduct two opposite social projects for the Tunisian population, which affect, in first order, the school from primary to secondary level. The Tunisian educational system is based on co-education, contradicting the country’s conservatism culture. The religious dress (veil/hijab) is accepted and tolerated in schools. Physical education, as an educational discipline, had to adapt to these changes, especially to the religion dress and gender interaction. The aim of this paper is to study, through the representations of physical education’s (PE) teachers, the paradoxes observed between physical practice and religious dress (veil/Hijab) and the management of the co-educational system in PE classes. This is based on the opinion which indicates that this matter requires the student’s body and physical ability to be independent from their gender, dress or motor skills. The results show a difference in opinion between females and male teachers regarding gender interaction and religious dress.

1440. Meta-regression Analysis of Worldwide Herpes Zoster Incidence

Background Many studies have been conducted worldwide to estimate Herpes Zoster (HZ) incidence rates and temporal trends. We systematically reviewed and synthesized studies of HZ incidence rates in the general population using meta-analysis models. Methods A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate HZ incidence from a published worldwide systematic literature review (SLR) including only individuals aged 50 years and older. Meta-regression was used to explore if variability in incidence rates could be explained by a combination of study-specific characteristics in the base model: age, gender, continent and year of data collection. The impact of adding additional covariates: case detection, case definition, study design, incidence type, patient type and latitude to the base model was also assessed. Results 65 out of 69 studies from the SLR, were included in the analysis: 27 from Europe, 20 from North America, 11 from Asia and 7 from Oceania. There was much variability in study methodology and outcomes. Heterogeneity of incidence rates was greatest across studies conducted in Asia. Meta-analysis results showed that: incidence increased with age; was lower in males compared to females; was lower in Europe and North America compared to Asia and Oceania; and increased from the period prior to 2003 to the period after 2003. The final meta-regression model included continent, year of data collection, gender, age, cubic and quadratic terms for age, as well as an age x gender interaction term. The age x gender interaction suggests that the difference in incidence between males and females is greater in younger ages (e.g. 50-59), whereas in older age groups (e.g. 80+) incidence rates are similar between males and females. None of the additional covariates contributed significantly to the model. It was estimated that 15.5 million HZ cases occurred in 2020 worldwide in individuals aged 50 years and older, which in the absence of vaccination, is projected to increase to 19.8 million by 2030. Conclusion The model allows for trends in incidence data to be explored based on influential covariates. Incidence rates were shown to vary by age, gender, continent, and over time. Funding GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA Disclosures Barbara P. Yawn, MD, Msc, ORCID: 0000-0001-7278-5810, The GSK group of companies (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support) Andrea Callegaro, PhD, GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Kyle Fahrbach, PhD, Evidera (Employee)The GSK group of companies (Other Financial or Material Support, - KF is employed by Evidera that received financial support by the GSK group of companies during the conduct of the study) Binod Neupane, PhD, Evidera (Employee)The GSK group of companies (Other Financial or Material Support, - BN is employed by Evidera that received financial support by the GSK group of companies during the conduct of the study) Hilde Vroling, MSc, The GSK group of companies (Research Grant or Support) Desiree Van Oorschot, Msc, The GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Desmond Curran, PhD, The GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder)

Gender, Power, and Cricket Spectators in Calcutta, 1960s–1990s

Historians of modern India have emphasized the reflexivity of men and women in the making of womanhood, paying attention to notions of gender difference emerging from both primordial, restrictive codes of behaviour and contrarian impulses towards what was popularly called progress. There have been relatively few attempts to trace gender interaction in outdoor leisure activities, public displays of femininity, and male regulatory anxieties in the post-colonial context. By studying the symbolism of women's presence in the Eden Gardens, the international cricket stadium in Calcutta, from the 1960s to the 1990s, this article reflects on the nature of power, authority, and gender hierarchy in urban Indian society. This study of questions of gender hierarchy, women's mannerisms, social identity, and informal resistance through a historical lens will enable us to understand the trajectory of women's outsider status in urban public spaces. Through a reading of the mediated parti pris impressions of female spectators, it will also map the transition in society's approach to sport from a structured homosocial community activity to a relatively unstructured field of shared experience.

Gender-stratified analyses of symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome in telephone triage: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo identify clinical variables that are associated with the diagnosis acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in women and men with chest discomfort who contact out-of-hours primary care (OHS-PC) by telephone, and to explore whether there are indications whether these variables differ among women and men.DesignCross-sectional study in which we compared patient and call characteristics of triage call recordings between women with and without ACS, and men with and without ACS.SettingNine OHS-PC in the Netherlands.Participants993 women and 802 men who called OHS-PC for acute chest discomfort (pain, pressure, tightness or discomfort) between 2014 and 2016.Primary outcome measureDiagnosis of ACS retrieved from the patient’s medical record in general practice, including hospital specialists’ discharge letters.ResultsAmong 1795 patients (mean age 58.8 (SD 19.5) years, 55.3% women), 15.0% of men and 8.6% of women had an ACS. In both sexes, retrosternal chest pain was associated with ACS (women with ACS vs without 62.3% vs 40.3%, p=0.002; men with ACS vs without 52.5% vs 39.7%, p=0.032; gender interaction, p=0.323), as was pressing/heavy/tightening pain (women 78.6% vs 61.5%, p=0.011; men 82.1% vs 57.4%, p=<0.001; gender interaction, p=0.368) and radiation to the arm (women 75.6% vs 45.9%, p<0.001; men 56.0% vs 34.8%, p<0.001; gender interaction, p=0.339). Results indicate that only in women were severe pain (65.4% vs 38.1%, p=0.006; gender interaction p=0.007) and radiation to jaw (50.0% vs 22.9%, p=0.007; gender interaction p=0.015) associated with ACS.Ambulances were dispatched equally in women (72.9%) and men with ACS (70.0%).ConclusionOur results indicate there were more similarities than differences in symptoms associated with the diagnosis ACS for women and men. Important exceptions were pain severity and radiation of pain in women. Whether these differences have an impact on predicting ACS needs to be further investigated with multivariable analyses.Trial registration numberNTR7331.

Gender Interaction in Association of Perceived Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life among Iranian Older People: A cross-Sectional Survey

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived social support and dimensions of HRQoL and to examine possible gender interaction in the mentioned associations.Method:A community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 644 participants over the age of 60 years old in Tehran. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted in their own homes, by using a structured multi-sectional questionnaire. The version 1 of the SF-12 scale was used to measure the HRQoL, consisting of two summary measures; PCS and MCS. The Persian version of the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) was used to measure perceived social support. Four multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models in STATA were used to examine the associations.Results:Older people with poor SPS score were 1.8 times more likely to be in the worst quartile of the MCS distribution (p=0.02), and twice as likely to be in the worst quartile of the PCS distribution (p=0.01). We found a strong evidence (p=0.02) to support the hypothesis of gender interaction in the association between economic status and PCS, and a borderline evidence (p=0.05) for gender interaction in the association between physical activity and PCS.Conclusions:Social support could be regarded as one of the main social determinants affecting HRQoL among elderly people. Men with poor economic status and poor physical activity, compared to women, are more likely to suffer from poor quality of life, thus men should be prioritized in intervention of financial support and life styles.

Neuroanatomical MRI study: reference values for the measurements of brainstem, cerebellar vermis, and peduncles

Objectives: To set age-specific normal reference values for brainstem, cerebellar vermis, and peduncles measurements and characterize values’ variations according to gender, age, and age by gender interaction. Methods: 565 normal brain magnetic resonance examinations with normal anatomy and signal intensity of the supra- and infratentorial structures were categorized into six age groups (infant, child, adolescent, young adult, middle-age adult, and old aged adults). Patients with congenital malformations, gross pathology of the supra- or infratentorial brain, brain volume loss, developmental delay, metabolic disorders, and neuropsychological disorders (n = 2.839) were excluded. On midsagittal T1 weighted and axial T2 weighted images specific linear diameters and ratios of the brainstem, cerebellar vermis, and peduncles were attained. Two observers assessed a random sample of 100 subjects to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. Intraclass correlation coefficients, means ± standard deviation, one and two-way analysis of variance tests were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Good to excellent inter- and intraobserver measurements’ reproducibility were observed, except for the transverse diameter of the midbrain, the anteroposterior diameter of the medulla oblongata at the pontomedullary and cervicomedullary junctions, cerebellar vermis anteroposterior diameter, and thickness of the superior cerebellar peduncle. Age-specific mean values of the investigated measurements were established. A significant gender-related variation was recorded in the anteroposterior diameter of the basis pontis (p = 0.044), the anteroposterior diameter of the medulla oblongata at the cervicomedullary junction (p = 0.044), and cerebellar vermis height (p = 0.018). A significant age-related change was detected in all measurements except the tectal ratio. Age by gender interaction had a statistically significant effect on the tectal ratio, inferior, and middle cerebellar peduncles’ thickness (p = 0.001, 0.022, and 0.028, respectively). Conclusion: This study provides age-specific normal mean values for various linear dimensions and ratios of the posterior fossa structures with documentation of measurements’ variability according to gender, age, and their interaction. Advances in knowledge: It provides a valuable reference in the clinical practice for easier differentiation between physiological and pathological conditions of the posterior fossa structures especially various neurodegenerative diseases and congenital anomalies.

Sext Dissemination: Differences across Nations in Motivations and Associations

Sext dissemination presents policy and legislative challenges given its potential psychological, social, and legal harms. We report on a cross-national comparison of sext-image dissemination in a large sample of 1148 young adults aged 18–29 years (M = 22.54, SD = 2.50, 53.0% women, 47.0% men), either U.S. (53.8%) or Australian (46.2%) residents. The results indicate that 14% of young adults disseminated sexts, with no difference by gender or country. Over 50% of respondents indicated that the last time they received a disseminated sext, it was unexpected or unwelcome, with women twice as likely as men to receive unwelcome sexts. The most frequent motivations for sext dissemination were similar cross-nationally, relating to the attractiveness of the person depicted, as a joke, to gossip, because it was not a big deal, bragging, roasting or teasing, and to increase social status. Motivations of attractiveness, bragging, or social status were more commonly endorsed by men, while women endorsed reasons around gossip or roasting/teasing. Unique predictors of sext dissemination included U.S. residence, requesting sexts, receiving disseminated sexts, having one’s own images disseminated, and more positive subjective norms to dissemination, and there was a country–gender interaction, where Australian women and U.S. men were more likely to disseminate sexts than then U.S. women or Australian men. The findings have implications for prevention programs seeking to address harmful online sexual interactions, including addressing respect, consent, and subjective norms supporting non-consensual dissemination.

Gender interaction effect on coronary lumen volume to mass ratio after administration of sublingual GTN powder compared to tablet in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Nitroglycerin (GTN) results in improved CCTA image quality and diagnostic accuracy due to vasodilation and improved contrast density. Although studies have shown that sublingual (SL) GTN spray has greater vasodilation and faster onset and duration of action compared to SL tablet, it is not commonly used due to cost. The comparative efficacy of SL GTN powder in CCTA is unknown. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine whether SL GTN powder can increase the coronary lumen volume (V) and the coronary lumen volume to left myocardial mass ratio (V/M) compared to SL GTN tablet. Methods 34 patients (17 females) with 0.8 mg SL GTN powder and 34 patients (17 females) with 0.8 mg SL GTN tablet administration were included in this retrospective case-control study. GTN was given 5 minutes pre-CCTA on a 256 slice single-heartbeat CT. Inclusion criteria: CAD-RADS 0 or 1, precontrast LM + LAD AJ-130 CAC &lt; 100, heart rate less than 75, phase of the cardiac cycle diastole, successful motion correction, Likert score 4 or 5, right- or co-dominance. The primary outcome assessed was left main plus left anterior descending (LM + LAD) V between GTN powder vs tablet. The secondary outcomes were LM + LAD V divided by 1) length of LM + LAD (derived mean area, A), and 2) M (V/M). The outcomes were measured by blinded PI with 17 yrs CCTA experience on GE workstation, 2020 version. Categorical variables were compared by Chi-Squared tests and continuous variables were compared between powder and tablet groups by unpaired t-tests if normally distributed, and Mann-Whitney U tests otherwise. Exploratory outcome analyses tested route of administration by sex interactions and main effects by Two-Way ANOVA’s. Further covariate-adjusted analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression models. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between powder and tablet administration. No statistically significant difference in median V, LM + LAD derived A , or median V/M was observed. A sex main effect demonstrated that females had significantly smaller V (630.6 mm3 vs 951.7 mm3, p&lt; 0.0001) and A (4.2 mm2 vs 6.4 mm2, p&lt; 0.0001) compared to males. These V and A sex differences were also observed when BMI or weight were included as covariates. When V and A were normalized by M, both revealed sex interactions depending on formulation. While males had higher normalized V and A in powder vs tablet (p &lt; 0.04), females had the opposite with higher normalized V and A with tablet compared to powder (p &lt; 0.04). Conclusions SL administration of the GTN powder 5 minutes before CCTA did not result in greater vasodilatory effect compared to the GTN tablet. However, gender interaction effects were observed, with greater V/M and A/M ratio in males with powder and greater V/M and A/M in women with tablet. These results suggest a potential differential gender effect based on the formulation of GTN. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate these findings. Abstract Figure. LM + LAD Lumen Volume to LV Mass by Sex