scholarly journals Erratum: The illusion of control in germline engineering policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-368
Author(s):  
Harald König
Keyword(s):  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Germline Engineering

Kognitive Verzerrungen bei pathologischen Sportwettern im Vergleich mit Automatenspielern – eine Analyse unter Anwendung des Gamblers Beliefs Questionnaire

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Kalke ◽  
Sascha Milin ◽  
Sven Buth
Keyword(s):  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
Dsm Iv

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Aus der internationalen Glücksspielforschung ist bekannt, dass kognitive Verzerrungen mit einer problematischen Glücksspielteilnahme in Beziehung stehen. Spezielle Spielergruppen, die sich nach ihrer favorisierten Glücksspielart unterscheiden, standen dabei bisher jedoch selten im Fokus wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. In dieser Studie werden erstmals die kognitiven Verzerrungen bei pathologischen Automatenspielern und Sportwettern dargestellt und in Form eines Gruppenvergleichs analysiert und diskutiert. Methodik: Es werden die Ergebnisse einer (schriftlichen) Befragung von 72 Automatenspielern und 37 Sportwettern dargestellt. Die befragten Personen erfüllen mindestens 5 Kriterien nach DSM-IV. Die Erfassung der kognitiven Erfahrungen erfolgt unter Anwendung des Gamblers Beliefs Questionaire (GBQ). Dieses Instrument beinhaltet zwei Subskalen, die zwischen den Bereichen „Luck/Perseverance“ (Glaube an das persönliche Glück beim Spielen/irrationale Überzeugungen) und „Illusion of control“ (Glaube, den Ausgang des Spiels beeinflussen zu können) differenzieren. Zudem kann der Gesamtscore (Summe aus den Werten der beiden Subskalen) berichtet werden. Für die Prüfung der statistischen Bedeutsamkeit von Unterschieden zwischen beiden Spielergruppen kamen Chi-Quadrat-Tests (bei ordinal skalierten Variablen) oder Varianzanalysen (bei metrischen Variablen) zur Anwendung. Ergebnisse: Die Sportwetter kommen auf einen signifikant höheren Gesamtscore als die Automatenspieler (96,0 zu 81,4), d. h. die kognitiven Verzerrungen sind bei ihnen deutlich ausgeprägter als bei der zweitgenannten Gruppe. Bezogen auf die beiden Sub-Skalen des GBQ ergeben sich sowohl beim persönlichen Glauben an das Glück (56,9 zu 50,7) als auch bei den Kontroll-Illusionen (39,2 zu 30,7) höhere Werte bei den Sportwettern. Schlussfolgerungen: In der Behandlung der Glücksspielsucht sollte die therapeutische Aufarbeitung von kognitiven Verzerrungen eine bedeutsame Rolle spielen. Das gilt insbesondere für pathologische Sportwetter. Gleichfalls sollten präventive Interventionen durchgeführt werden, mit denen der Entstehung von Trugschlüssen über das Glücksspiel und Kontroll-Illusionen vorgebeugt wird.

ILLUSION OF CONTROL RELATIVE TO CHANCE OUTCOMES

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY M. RUDSKI
Keyword(s):  
Illusion Of Control

The Grasp Cell Hypothesis: Near-miss effect points to common neurological machinery in posterior parietal cortex for controllable objects and concepts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen M Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Spatial Influence ◽  
Reward Probability ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Action Value

The near-miss effect in gambling behaviour occurs when an outcome which is close to a win outcome invigorates gambling behaviour notwithstanding lack of associated reward. In this paper I postulate that the processing of concepts which are deemed controllable is rooted in neurological machinery located in the posterior parietal cortex specialised for the processing of objects which are immediately actionable or controllable because they are within reach. I theorise that the use of a common machinery facilitates spatial influence on the perception of concepts such that the win outcome which is 'almost complete' is perceived as being 'almost within reach'. The perceived realisability of the win increases subjective reward probability and the associated expected action value which impacts decision-making and behaviour. This novel hypothesis is the first to offer a neurological model which can comprehensively explain many empirical findings associated with the near-miss effect as well as other gambling phenomena such as the ‘illusion of control’. Furthermore, when extended to other compulsive behaviours such as drug addiction, the model can offer an explanation for continued drug-seeking following devaluation and for the increase in cravings in response to perceived opportunity to self-administer, neither of which can be explained by simple reinforcement models alone. This paper therefore provides an innovative and unifying perspective for the study and treatment of behavioural and substance addictions.

scholarly journals Gambling and ageing: less illusion but more risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Maylis Fontaine ◽  
Valérie Le Floch ◽  
Céline Lemercier
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Seniors are a population of concern due to exposure to both increasing gambling venues and powerful age-specific risk factors. There has been only limited research on this population so far, but studies conducted among younger adults suggest that the illusion of control is a key factor, leading players to develop strategies that increase their risk-taking in gambling. Time perspective (TP) is a good indicator of risky behaviours in a number of different areas, including health and the environment. In the present study, we sought to identify the age-specific cognitive mechanisms underlying gambling behaviour in normal ageing. We asked 115 emerging adults (mean age = 20.86 years), 86 young adults (mean age = 30.59), 82 middle-aged adults (mean age = 44.57) and 108 seniors (mean age = 65.19) to play an online game. We rated their illusion of control, risk-taking and TP. Analysis revealed that seniors took more risks and had less illusion of control than younger adults. The fatalistic-present TP positively influenced the illusion of control, such that perceiving the present as being determined by uncontrollable forces increased the perceived level of control. Finally, we found an influence of age on TP. These results suggest that seniors constitute a specific population in terms of gambling-related cognitions and behaviours. Including TP in risky behaviour assessments would allow the development of tailor-made preventive measures.

scholarly journals Three doors anomaly, “should I stay, or should I go”: an artefactual field experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Morone ◽  
Rocco Caferra ◽  
Alessia Casamassima ◽  
Alessandro Cascavilla ◽  
Paola Tiranzoni
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Bayesian Updating ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Illusion Of Control ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Status Quo Bias ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis work aims to identify and quantify the biases behind the anomalous behavior of people when they deal with the Three Doors dilemma, which is a really simple but counterintuitive game. Carrying out an artefactual field experiment and proposing eight different treatments to isolate the anomalies, we provide new interesting experimental evidence on the reasons why subjects fail to take the optimal decision. According to the experimental results, we are able to quantify the size and the impact of three main biases that explain the anomalous behavior of participants: Bayesian updating, illusion of control and status quo bias.

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