A maize wall-associated kinase confers quantitative resistance to head smut

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiliang Zuo ◽  
Qing Chao ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Jianrong Ye ◽  
Guoqing Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Head Smut

scholarly journals Cytological and Molecular Characterization of ZmWAK-Mediated Head-Smut Resistance in Maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Boqi Zhang ◽  
Weiliang Zuo ◽  
Yuexian Xing ◽  
Suvimon Konlasuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum ◽  
A Cell

Head smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Sporisorium reilianum, poses a threat to maize production worldwide. ZmWAK, a cell wall–associated receptor kinase, confers quantitative resistance to head smut disease. Here, two near-isogenic lines (NILs), susceptible line Huangzao4 and its ZmWAK-converted resistant line Huangzao4R, were used to decipher the role of ZmWAK in head smut resistance. Cytological and molecular characterization in response to S. reilianum infection was compared between two NILs. Upon S. reilianum infection, the growth of pathogen hyphae was severely arrested in the ZmWAK-converted resistant line Huangzao4R, relative to its susceptible parental line Huangzao4. Infected cells exhibited apoptosis-like features in Huangzao4R and hyphae were sequestered within dead cells, whereas pathogen invasion caused autophagy in Huangzao4, which failed to prevent hyphal spreading. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis indicated that ZmWAK functions as a hub in the trade-off between growth and defense, whereby ZmWAK promotes cell growth in the absence of the pathogen and switches to a defense response upon S. reilianum attack. These findings shed light on an elegant regulatory mechanism governed by ZmWAK in the trade-off between growth and head smut defense.

Is there variety × isolate interaction in the polygenic quantitative resistance of carrot to Alternaria dauci?

Euphytica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Le Clerc ◽  
A. Suel ◽  
A. Pawelec ◽  
S. Marques ◽  
S. Huet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Dauci

scholarly journals Recent Findings Unravel Genes and Genetic Factors Underlying Leptosphaeria maculans Resistance in Brassica napus and Its Relatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Aldrin Y. Cantila ◽  
Nur Shuhadah Mohd Saad ◽  
Junrey C. Amas ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline Batley
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Blackleg Resistance ◽  
Avr Gene

Among the Brassica oilseeds, canola (Brassica napus) is the most economically significant globally. However, its production can be limited by blackleg disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Lepstosphaeria maculans. The deployment of resistance genes has been implemented as one of the key strategies to manage the disease. Genetic resistance against blackleg comes in two forms: qualitative resistance, controlled by a single, major resistance gene (R gene), and quantitative resistance (QR), controlled by numerous, small effect loci. R-gene-mediated blackleg resistance has been extensively studied, wherein several genomic regions harbouring R genes against L. maculans have been identified and three of these genes were cloned. These studies advance our understanding of the mechanism of R gene and pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene interaction. Notably, these studies revealed a more complex interaction than originally thought. Advances in genomics help unravel these complexities, providing insights into the genes and genetic factors towards improving blackleg resistance. Here, we aim to discuss the existing R-gene-mediated resistance, make a summary of candidate R genes against the disease, and emphasise the role of players involved in the pathogenicity and resistance. The comprehensive result will allow breeders to improve resistance to L. maculans, thereby increasing yield.

Quantitative Resistance to witches’ broom disease in progenies of different sources of resistance.

2021 ◽  
pp. 105678
Author(s):  
Alezania Silva Pereira ◽  
Uilson Vanderlei Lopes ◽  
José Luís Pires ◽  
Mariana Araujo Barreto ◽  
Lindolfo Pereira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Different Sources

Corrigendum to: Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal induction of hierarchies of resistance genes in potato against late blight

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalenahalli N. Yogendra ◽  
Ajjamada C. Kushalappa
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
Molecular And Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease affecting potato production worldwide. The quantitative resistance is durable, but the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms are poorly understood, limiting its application in breeding. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics approach was used for the first time to study the hierarchies of molecular events occurring, following inoculation of resistant and susceptible potato genotypes with P. infestans. RNA sequencing revealed a total of 4216 genes that were differentially expressed in the resistant than in the susceptible genotype. Genes that were highly expressed and associated with their biosynthetic metabolites that were highly accumulated, through metabolic pathway regulation, were selected. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to confirm the RNA-seq expression levels. The induced leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are considered to be involved in pathogen recognition. These receptor genes are considered to trigger downstream oxidative burst, phytohormone signalling-related genes, and transcription factors that regulated the resistance genes to produce resistance related metabolites to suppress the pathogen infection. It was noted that several resistance genes in metabolic pathways related to phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoid biosynthesis were strongly induced in the resistant genotypes. The pathway specific gene induction provided key insights into the metabolic reprogramming of induced defence responses in resistant genotypes.

Importance of diseases in herbage seed production

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
G.C.M. Latch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Production Diseases

Yield and quality of herbage seed can be affected by many diseases. In New Zealand the most important diseases of grasses are rusts, especially stem rust on ryegrasses, cocksfoot and timothy; head smut of bromes; and ergot of paspalum. Blind-seed disease is of minor importance on ryegrass at present. Clover yield can be affected by rot, scorch and stem nematode. These diseases and others are discussed in relation to changing farming practices, and disease control measures are suggested. Keywords: Herbage seed production, diseases, Puccinia graminis, Ustilago bullata, Claviceps paspali, Gloeotinia temulenta

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