scholarly journals Cytological and Molecular Characterization of ZmWAK-Mediated Head-Smut Resistance in Maize

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Boqi Zhang ◽  
Weiliang Zuo ◽  
Yuexian Xing ◽  
Suvimon Konlasuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum ◽  
A Cell

Head smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Sporisorium reilianum, poses a threat to maize production worldwide. ZmWAK, a cell wall–associated receptor kinase, confers quantitative resistance to head smut disease. Here, two near-isogenic lines (NILs), susceptible line Huangzao4 and its ZmWAK-converted resistant line Huangzao4R, were used to decipher the role of ZmWAK in head smut resistance. Cytological and molecular characterization in response to S. reilianum infection was compared between two NILs. Upon S. reilianum infection, the growth of pathogen hyphae was severely arrested in the ZmWAK-converted resistant line Huangzao4R, relative to its susceptible parental line Huangzao4. Infected cells exhibited apoptosis-like features in Huangzao4R and hyphae were sequestered within dead cells, whereas pathogen invasion caused autophagy in Huangzao4, which failed to prevent hyphal spreading. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis indicated that ZmWAK functions as a hub in the trade-off between growth and defense, whereby ZmWAK promotes cell growth in the absence of the pathogen and switches to a defense response upon S. reilianum attack. These findings shed light on an elegant regulatory mechanism governed by ZmWAK in the trade-off between growth and head smut defense.

scholarly journals Inhibition of the spread of endophytic Sporisorium reilianum renders maize resistance to head smut

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianrong Zhao ◽  
Jianrong Ye ◽  
Lai Wei ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Yuexian Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Smut ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum ◽  
Maize Resistance

Races of Sorghum Head Smut (Sporisorium Reilianum) in South-East Queensland.

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Dodman ◽  
NR Obst ◽  
RG Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Head Smut ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum

scholarly journals Gains in recurrent selection cycles for grain yield and resistance to head smut in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelasino Díaz-Ramírez ◽  
Carlos De León-García de Alba ◽  
Daniel Nieto-Ángel ◽  
Ma. del Carmen Mendoza-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum ◽  
Para Determinar

El basidiomiceto <em>Sporisorium reilianum</em> f. sp. <em>zeae</em> infecta al cultivo de maíz y causa importantes pérdidas en regiones donde existen condiciones propicias para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se evaluó la respuesta a la selección de seis ciclos de selección recurrente de maíces de endospermo blanco y cinco ciclos de maíces de endospermo amarillo para caracteres agronómicos deseables, rendimiento de grano y resistencia al carbón de la espiga. Los diferentes ciclos en las dos poblaciones se obtuvieron siguiendo el método de selección recurrente de familias S1, los cuales fueron evaluados para determinar el avance genético. En un ensayo anexo, las poblaciones fueron inoculadas artificialmente para medir el progreso de la resistencia a la enfermedad y evaluar un nuevo método de inoculación. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones para el ensayo de rendimiento y dos repeticiones para el ensayo inoculado. Los ciclos evaluados en las dos poblaciones mostraron un incremento en la resistencia de 0.94 y 1.2% ciclo-1, una ganancia genética para rendimiento de grano de 272.9 y 620 kg ha-1 ciclo-1 para la población blanca y amarilla, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que la selección recurrente de familias S1 fue eficiente para mejorar el rendimiento de grano y resistencia al carbón de la espiga en ambas poblaciones.

scholarly journals CP-Vero 1, white maize (Zea mays) synthetic variety resistant to head smut (Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae) for Mexican highlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos De León-García de Alba
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Synthetic Variety ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum

En la producción de maíz, el agricultor se encuentra ante la alternativa de sembrar semilla comercial de maíz híbrido o semilla de polinización libre incluyendo variedades mejoradas o poblaciones nativas. La semilla de maíz híbrido tiene un alto costo, es necesario comprar semilla nueva para cada siembra mientras que la semilla de una variedad mejorada puede sembrarse por varios años, puede competir en rendimiento con un híbrido, es de bajo costo y puede compartirse entre agricultores. Una variedad sintética ofrece ventajas adicionales sobre una variedad mejorada común, con buen rendimiento de grano y uniformidad en floración y fenotipo. Este trabajo presenta actividades involucradas en la obtención de la variedad sintética de maíz de endospermo blanco CP-Vero 1 siguiendo un programa de selección recurrente de líneas S1 para obtener buenas características agronómicas y resistencia al carbón de la espiga.

Characterization of Gene Expression Associated with Cyclophosphamide Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1532-1532
Author(s):  
Fei Bao ◽  
Mary L. Nordberg ◽  
Paula Polk ◽  
Amanda Sun ◽  
David Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Rt Pcr

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the alkylating agents collectively referred to as oxazaphosphorines that are used to treat many types of cancers including myeloid leukemia. Tumor cell drug resistance is an important factor for clinical treatment failure. The mechanisms of drug resistance are multifactorial and incompletely understood. KBM-7 human CML cell line was established from blast cells from a patient in the terminal phase of CML. In the CP resistance model, the B5-180 sub-line was isolated following exposure to the in vitro active CP analog 4HC. B5-180 cells were cross-resistant to busulfan and γ-radiation. Total RNA was extracted and hybridized to Affymetrix Genechip HG-U95Av2 arrays. Each array contains 12,386 probes corresponding to approximately 9000 known human genes. Each cell line was arrayed in triplicate. Quantitative RT-PCR, Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) and cytogenetic analysis were performed in both cell lines. Both the KBM-7/B5 parental line and B5-180 resistant sub-line expressed high-levels of BCR-ABL transcripts by real-time RT-PCR. FISH and cytogenetic analysis revealed multiple copies of t(9;22) translocation and other additional chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 8, and abnormalities of chromosome 18 in both cell lines. Gene array identified 794 gene transcripts that were more than twofold (range from 2-fold to 2675-fold) over-expressed or under-expressed in the resistant line relative to the parental line. ALDH1A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family) showed the most differential expression between sensitive and resistant cell lines, ALDH1A1 was upregulated more than 2000-fold in the resistant sub-line. ALDH-2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family mitochondrial) was also expressed substantially higher in the resistant line. This finding is consistent with the established fact that elevated ALDH activity is an important factor in the resistance of B5-180 cells to 4HC. The remaining differentially expressed genes encode proteins with a wide variety of biochemical functions, which include 44 apoptosis and 7 anti-apoptosis-related genes, 56 genes related to cell cycle and cell growth, 6 DNA repair genes, 13 genes involved in hemopoiesis and B-cell activation. We also tested the expression of the hematopietic transcription factor PU-1 and PUB, a novel PU-1 binding factor. Interestingly, the expression of PU-1 was decreased and PUB increased in the resistant clone. In conclusion, we have identified a large number of differentially expressed genes in a CP resistant cell line derived from CML blast crisis by microarray technology. Our results suggest that CP resistance is a complex phenotype that involves multiple genes and a variety of mechanisms. Real-time RT-PCR analysis and further characterization of selected genes associated with CP resistance as well as the response in vitro to tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently under investigation.

Molecular characterization of a cell wall-associated ß(1-3)endoglucanase of Aspergillus fumigatus

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mouyna ◽  
J. Sarfati ◽  
P. Recco ◽  
T. Fontaine ◽  
B. Henrissat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals Development of an Infection Assay for Sporisorium reilianum, the Head Smut Pathogen on Sorghum

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo A. Osorio ◽  
Richard A. Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Infection Efficiency ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Inoculation Technique ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum

The practical value of dry teliospores of Sporisorium reilianum as inoculum in head smut infection assays was determined from a series of studies using three different isolates of the pathogen. Overall germinability of teliospores ranged from 8.0 to 28.0% on culture media after 48 h of incubation. Teliospores germinated at slower rates in the vicinity of sorghum seedlings growing on germination paper, reaching maximum values of 11.5 to 13.0% after 120 h. These results suggest adaptation in the germination strategy of S. reilianum, probably modulated by the variable soil environment. Fifteen percent (15%) of the seedlings of a head smut susceptible maize hybrid inoculated with teliospores of S. reilianum at root protrusion openings of the mesocotyl tissues became infected, while seedlings similarly inoculated with sporidial suspensions remained uninfected. Three sorghum lines susceptible to head smut were inoculated in three separate experiments with dry teliospores of isolates from Corpus Christi and Taylor, Texas. Seeds were imbibed for 18 h, and the seedlings were planted in soil at 40% moisture content (wt/wt) and covered with a 1:50 (vol/vol) mixture of teliospores and autoclaved soil. Infection levels obtained in these experiments were 2.5 to 2.8 times higher than field infection levels on susceptible lines RT×7078 and B1. In this study, average infection levels of 65 to 79.5% and 84 to 87% for RT×7078 and B1, respectively, were obtained with Corpus Christi isolates of S. reilianum; whereas Taylor isolates infected 91.9 and 82.3% of the plants in these two lines. It is postulated that the increased infection efficiency observed with this inoculation technique results from uniform and higher levels of inoculum, timely delivered under stable soil conditions that provide the pathogen with an environment more conducive for infection.

scholarly journals Implication of Gibberellins in Head Smut (Sporisorium reilianum) of Sorghum bicolor

1991 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Matheussen ◽  
Page W. Morgan ◽  
Richard A. Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Sporisorium Reilianum
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document