microRNAs in newborns with low birth weight: relation to birth size and body composition

Growth acceleration or catch-up growth (CUG) in early infancy is a plausible risk factor for later obesity and cardiovascular disease. We postulate that this risk may be mediated by an adverse programming of body composition by CUG in early infancy. The study was aimed at evaluating the association between the pattern of gain in weight and length of term low birth weight (LBW) infants from birth to 6 months, with fat mass percent (FM%) at 6 months. Term healthy singleton LBW infants were enrolled. Baby’s weight and length z-scores were measured at birth and three follow-up visits. Body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry at last visit. A total of 54 babies (28 boys) were enrolled. The mean birth weight and gestation were 2175±180 g and 37.6±0.6 weeks. Follow-up visits were at 1.4±0.0, 3.0±0.3 and 7.2±0.8 months. The proportion of babies who showed CUG [increase in weight for age z-score (∆WAZ)>0.67] from birth to 1.4, 3.0 and 7.2 months was 29.6, 26.4 and 48.5%, respectively. The mean FM% at 7.2 months was 16.6±7.8%. Infants with greater ∆WAZ from birth to 3 and 7.2 months had significantly greater FM% at 7.2 months after adjusting for current age, size and gender. Infants with early CUG (<1.4 months) had higher FM% than infants with no CUG. We conclude that earlier and greater increment in WAZ is positively associated with FM%.

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Effects of an outdoor bicycle-based intervention in healthy rural Indian men with normal and low birth weight

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174414000609 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. Madsen ◽

P. Mogensen ◽

N. Thomas ◽

D. L. Christensen ◽

I. C. Bygbjerg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Young Men ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Rural India ◽

Total Fat

Physical inactivity and low birth weight (LBW) may lead to an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The extent to which LBW individuals may benefit from physical exercise training when compared with those with normal birth weight (NBW) controls is uncertain. We assessed the impact of an outdoor exercise intervention on body composition, insulin secretion and action in young men born with LBW and NBW in rural India. A total of 61 LBW and 56 NBW healthy young men were recruited into the study. The individuals were instructed to perform outdoor bicycle exercise training for 45 min every day. Fasting blood samples, intravenous glucose tolerance tests and bioimpedance body composition assessment were carried out. Physical activity was measured using combined accelerometry and heart rate monitoring during the first and the last week of the intervention. Following the exercise intervention, the LBW group displayed an increase in physical fitness [55.0 ml (O2)/kg min (52.0−58.0)−57.5 ml (O2)/kg min (54.4−60.5)] level and total fat-free mass [10.9% (8.0−13.4)−11.4% (8.0−14.6)], as well as a corresponding decline in the ratio of total fat mass/fat-free mass. In contrast, an increase in total fat percentage as well as total fat mass was observed in the NBW group. After intervention, fasting plasma insulin levels, homoeostasis model assessments (HOMA) of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (HOMA-IS), improved to the same extent in both the groups. In summary, young men born with LBW in rural India benefit metabolically from exercise training to an extent comparable with NBW controls.

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Impact of Early Nutrition on Body Composition in Children Aged 9.5 Years Born with Extremely Low Birth Weight

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu9020124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sonja Stutte ◽

Bettina Gohlke ◽

Annika Peiler ◽

Felix Schreiner ◽

Mark Born ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Early Nutrition

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ASSESSING SURVEY MEASURES OF INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT AND BIRTH SIZE IN ECUADOR

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000003734 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 373-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

ELIZABETH EGGLESTON ◽

AMY ONG TSUI ◽

JUDITH FORTNEY

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Child Health ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Size ◽

Maternal Child Health ◽

Singleton Birth ◽

Proxy Indicators ◽

Infant Birth ◽

Actual Prevalence ◽

Live Singleton Birth

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of using maternal assessments of infant birth size as proxy measures for birth weight in Ecuador, a country in which a sizeable proportion of births take place at home, where birth weight is typically not recorded. Four thousand and seventy-eight women who experienced a live singleton birth between January 1992 and August 1994 were interviewed in the Ecuador Demographic and Maternal–Child Health Survey. All women were asked if their child was weighed at birth, his/her weight, and what they considered to be his/her birth size relative to other newborns. The consistency between birth size and birth weight measures was assessed, and the differences between infants with and without reported birth weights were explored. The authors conclude that maternal assessments of birth size are poor proxy indicators of birth weight. Estimates of low birth weight based on maternal assessments of birth size as very small should be recognized as underestimates of the actual prevalence of low birth weight. Moreover, infants for whom birth weights are missing should not be considered similar to those for whom weight was reported. Those without reported birth weights are more likely to be low birth weight. Thus, relying solely on reports of numeric birth weight will underestimate the prevalence of low birth weight.

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Predictive accuracy of perceived baby birth size for birth weight: a cross-sectional study from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031986 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e031986

Author(s):

Dabere Nigatu ◽

Demewoz Haile ◽

Bereket Gebremichael ◽

Yordanos M Tiruneh

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Health Survey ◽

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Birth Size ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing

ObjectivesThe study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of maternally perceived baby birth size assessments as a measure of birth weight and examine factors influencing the accuracy of maternal size assessments.Study designCross-sectional study.SettingThe study is based on national data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.ParticipantsWe included 1455 children who had both birth size and birth weight data.Main outcome measuresPredictive accuracy of baby birth size for low birth weight. Level of discordance between maternally perceived birth size and birth weight including factors influencing discordance.ResultsMother-reported baby birth size had low sensitivity (57%) and positive predictive value (41%) to indicate low birth weight but had high specificity (89%) and negative predictive values (94%). The per cent of agreement between birth weight (<2500 g vs ≥2500 g) and maternally perceived birth size (small size vs average or above) was 86% and kappa statistics indicated a moderate level of agreement (kappa=0.41, p<0.001). Maternal age, wealth index quintile, marital status and maternal education were significant predictors of the discordance between birth size and birth weight.ConclusionsMaternal assessment of baby size at birth is an inaccurate proxy indicator of low birth weight in Ethiopia. Therefore, a mother’s recall of birth size should be used as a proxy indicator for low birth weight with caution and should take maternal characteristics into consideration.

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