scholarly journals Repurposing cabozantinib with therapeutic potential in KIT-driven t(8;21) acute myeloid leukaemias

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Wei Su ◽  
Da-Liang Ou ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Fu ◽  
Hwei-Fang Tien ◽  
Hsin-An Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leukocyte Activation ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Acute Myeloid

AbstractCabozantinib is an orally available, multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of several solid tumours and known to inhibit KIT tyrosine kinase. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), aberrant KIT tyrosine kinase often coexists with t(8;21) to drive leukaemogenesis. Here we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of cabozantinib on a selected AML subtype characterised by t(8;21) coupled with KIT mutation. Cabozantinib exerted substantial cytotoxicity in Kasumi-1 cells with an IC50 of 88.06 ± 4.32 nM, which was well within clinically achievable plasma levels. The suppression of KIT phosphorylation and its downstream signals, including AKT/mTOR, STAT3, and ERK1/2, was elicited by cabozantinib treatment and associated with subsequent alterations of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related molecules. Cabozantinib also disrupted the synthesis of an AML1-ETO fusion protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In a mouse xenograft model, cabozantinib suppressed tumourigenesis at 10 mg/kg and significantly prolonged survival of the mice. Further RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that mTOR-mediated signalling pathways were substantially inactivated by cabozantinib treatment, causing the downregulation of ribosome biogenesis and glycolysis, along with myeloid leukocyte activation. We suggest that cabozantinib may be effective in the treatment of AML with t(8;21) and KIT mutation. Relevant clinical trials are warranted.

scholarly journals Abnormally activated OPN/integrin αVβ3/FAK signalling is responsible for EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR mutant non-small-cell lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Fu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Zhe Lei ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Tingting Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Integrin Αvβ3 ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Nsclc Tissue ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Tki Resistance ◽  
Egfr Tki ◽  
Resistant Cells

Abstract Background Acquired epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance limits the long-term clinical efficacy of tyrosine kinase-targeting drugs. Although most of the mechanisms of acquired EGFR-TKI resistance have been revealed, the mechanism of ~ 15% of cases has not yet been elucidated. Methods Cell viability was analysed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Proteome profiler array analysis was performed to find proteins contributing to acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. Secreted OPN was detected by ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to detect expression of integrin αV in NSCLC tissue. The effect of VS-6063 on apoptosis and proliferation of PC9 gefitinib-resistant cells was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and clonogenic assays. A mouse xenograft model was used to assess the effect of VS-6063 on the sensitivity of PC9 gefitinib-resistant cells to gefitinib. Results OPN was overexpressed in acquired EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLCs. Secreted OPN contributed to acquired EGFR-TKI resistance by activating the integrin αVβ3/FAK pathway. Inhibition of FAK signalling increased sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in PC9 gefitinib-resistant cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions OPN contributes to acquired EGFR-TKI resistance by up-regulating expression of integrin αVβ3, which activates the downstream FAK/AKT and ERK signalling pathways to promote cell proliferation in NSCLC.

scholarly journals Preclinical evaluation of a regimen combining chidamide and ABT-199 in acute myeloid leukemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Chen ◽  
Qianying Yang ◽  
Jie Zha ◽  
Manman Deng ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Myeloid Neoplasm ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous myeloid neoplasm with poor clinical outcome, despite the great progress in treatment in recent years. The selective Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199) in combination therapy has been approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed AML patients who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, but resistance can be acquired through the upregulation of alternative antiapoptotic proteins. Here, we reported that a newly emerged histone deacetylase inhibitor, chidamide (CS055), at low-cytotoxicity dose enhanced the anti-AML activity of ABT-199, while sparing normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. Moreover, we also found that chidamide showed a superior resensitization effect than romidepsin in potentiation of ABT-199 lethality. Inhibition of multiple HDACs rather than some single component might be required. The combination therapy was also effective in primary AML blasts and stem/progenitor cells regardless of disease status and genetic aberrance, as well as in a patient-derived xenograft model carrying FLT3-ITD mutation. Mechanistically, CS055 promoted leukemia suppression through DNA double-strand break and altered unbalance of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g., Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL downregulation, and Bim upregulation). Taken together, these results show the high therapeutic potential of ABT-199/CS055 combination in AML treatment, representing a potent and alternative salvage therapy for the treatment of relapsed and refractory patients with AML.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Directed Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Sarcomas

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey C. Shor ◽  
Samuel V. Agresta ◽  
Gina Z. D'amato ◽  
Vernon K. Sondak
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy

scholarly journals ABT-869, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation and signaling in acute myeloid leukemia

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 3400-3408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa B. Shankar ◽  
Junling Li ◽  
Paul Tapang ◽  
J. Owen McCall ◽  
Lori J. Pease ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Parp Cleavage ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract In 15% to 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aberrant proliferation is a consequence of a juxtamembrane mutation in the FLT3 gene (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3–internal tandem duplication [FLT3-ITD]), causing constitutive kinase activity. ABT-869 (a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) inhibited the phosphorylation of FLT3, STAT5, and ERK, as well as Pim-1 expression in MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 cells (IC50 approximately 1-10 nM) harboring the FLT3-ITD. ABT-869 inhibited the proliferation of these cells (IC50 = 4 and 6 nM, respectively) through the induction of apoptosis (increased sub-G0/G1 phase, caspase activation, and PARP cleavage), whereas cells harboring wild-type (wt)–FLT3 were less sensitive. In normal human blood spiked with AML cells, ABT-869 inhibited phosphorylation of FLT3 (IC50 approximately 100 nM), STAT5, and ERK, and decreased Pim-1 expression. In methylcellulose-based colony-forming assays, ABT-869 had no significant effect up to 1000 nM on normal hematopoietic progenitor cells, whereas in AML patient samples harboring both FLT3-ITD and wt-FLT3, ABT-869 inhibited colony formation (IC50 = 100 and 1000 nM, respectively). ABT-869 dose-dependently inhibited MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 flank tumor growth, prevented tumor formation, regressed established MV-4-11 xenografts, and increased survival by 20 weeks in an MV-4-11 engraftment model. In tumors, ABT-869 inhibited FLT3 phosphorylation, induced apoptosis (transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling [TUNEL]) and decreased proliferation (Ki67). ABT-869 is under clinical development for AML.

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia and an activating mutation in FLT3 respond to a small-molecule FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PKC412

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Stone ◽  
Daniel J. DeAngelo ◽  
Virginia Klimek ◽  
Ilene Galinsky ◽  
Eli Estey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Activating Mutation ◽  
Blast Count ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Leukemic cells from 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have an activating mutation in the FLT3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase) gene, which represents a target for drug therapy. We treated 20 patients, each with mutant FLT3 relapsed/refractory AML or high-grade myelodysplastic syndrome and not believed to be candidates for chemotherapy, with an FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PKC412 (N-benzoylstaurosporine), at a dose of 75 mg 3 times daily by mouth. The drug was generally well tolerated, although 2 patients developed fatal pulmonary events of unclear etiology. The peripheral blast count decreased by 50% in 14 patients (70%). Seven patients (35%) experienced a greater than 2-log reduction in peripheral blast count for at least 4 weeks (median response duration, 13 weeks; range, 9-47 weeks); PKC412 reduced bone marrow blast counts by 50% in 6 patients (2 of these to < 5%). FLT3 autophosphorylation was inhibited in most of the Corresponding patients, indicating in vivo target inhibition at the dose schedule used in this study. PKC412 is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with clinical activity in patients with AML whose blasts have an activating mutation of FLT3, suggesting potential use in combination with active agents, such as chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling required for integrin alpha v beta 5-directed cell motility but not adhesion on vitronectin.

1994 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Klemke ◽  
M Yebra ◽  
E M Bayna ◽  
D A Cheresh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pkc Activation

FG human pancreatic carcinoma cells adhere to vitronectin using integrin alpha v beta 5 yet are unable to migrate on this ligand whereas they readily migrate on collagen in an alpha 2 beta 1-dependent manner. We report here that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation leads to de novo alpha v beta 5-dependent FG cell migration on vitronectin. The EGFR specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin 25 selectively prevents EGFR autophosphorylation thereby preventing the EGF-induced FG cell migration response on vitronectin without affecting constitutive migration on collagen. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation also leads to alpha v beta 5-directed motility on vitronectin; however, this is not blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this case, PKC activation appears to be associated with and downstream of EGFR signaling since calphostin C, an inhibitor of PKC, blocks FG cell migration on vitronectin induced by either PKC or EGF. These findings represent the first report implicating a receptor tyrosine kinase in a specific integrin mediated cell motility event independent of adhesion.

scholarly journals IL-1α Stimulates Cathepsin K Expression in Osteoclasts via the Tyrosine Kinase-NF-κB Pathway

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kamolmatyakul ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
S. Yang ◽  
Y. Abe ◽  
R. Moroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Powerful Activator

Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a powerful activator of osteoclast cells. However, the underlying mechanism for this activation is unknown. In this study, we reveal that IL-1α up-regulates the expression of cathepsin K protein, a key protease in bone resorption, by five-fold. Northern blot analysis and promoter analysis show that this induction occurs at the transcriptional level, in a dose-responsive and time-dependent manner. No increase in expression occurs in the presence of either pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a selective inhibitor of NF-κB, or Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suggesting that IL-1α up-regulation may be via the tyrosine kinase-NF-κB pathway to regulate cathepsin K expression. Antisense oligonucleotides to p65, but not the p50 subunit of NF-κB, suppress the IL-1α-induced expression of cathepsin K. We therefore conclude that IL-1α up-regulates cathepsin K gene expression at the transcription level, and this regulation may be via the tyrosine-kinase-NF-κB pathway.

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