scholarly journals Cooperative herbivory between two important pests of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Hu ◽  
Shuangli Su ◽  
Yuese Ning ◽  
Yufa Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Host Plant Quality ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Parasitoid Attraction

AbstractNormally, when different species of herbivorous arthropods feed on the same plant this leads to fitness-reducing competition. We found this to be different for two of Asia’s most destructive rice pests, the brown planthopper and the rice striped stem borer. Both insects directly and indirectly benefit from jointly attacking the same host plant. Double infestation improved host plant quality, particularly for the stemborer because the planthopper fully suppresses caterpillar-induced production of proteinase inhibitors. It also reduced the risk of egg parasitism, due to diminished parasitoid attraction. Females of both pests have adapted their oviposition behaviour accordingly. Their strong preference for plants infested by the other species even overrides their avoidance of plants already attacked by conspecifics. This cooperation between herbivores is telling of adaptations resulting from the evolution of plant-insect interactions, and points out mechanistic vulnerabilities that can be targeted to control these major pests.

scholarly journals Cooperative herbivory between two important pests of rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Hu ◽  
Shuangli Su ◽  
Yufa Peng ◽  
Gongyin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Parasitoid Attraction

AbstractNormally, when different species of herbivorous arthropods feed on the same plant this leads to fitness reducing competition. We found this to be uniquely different for two of Asia’s most destructive rice pests, the brown planthopper and the rice striped stem borer. Both insects directly and indirectly benefit from jointly attacking the same host plant. Double infestation improved plant quality, particularly for the stemborer because the planthopper fully suppresses caterpillar-induced production of proteinase inhibitors. It also drastically reduced the risk of egg parasitism, due to diminished parasitoid attraction. Females of both pests have adapted their oviposition behaviour accordingly. Their strong preference for plants infested by the other species even overrides their avoidance of plants already attacked by conspecifics. This uncovered cooperation between herbivores is telling of the exceptional adaptations resulting from the evolution of plant-insect interactions, and points out mechanistic vulnerabilities that can be targeted to control two major pests.

scholarly journals Focus on Molecular Plant-Nematode and Plant-Insect Interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Hogenhout ◽  
Melissa Mitchum ◽  
Geert Smant
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes engage in a long-lasting and intimate relationship with their host plant. This interaction starts in the soil when freshly hatched infective juveniles are attracted to specific parts of a host plant root system. Little is known of what determines the attractiveness of host plant roots, but a mix of biochemical and structural cues from specific host tissues in the roots likely triggers invasive behavior in nematodes. Similarly to nematodes, phloem-feeding aphids and other piercing-sucking (hemipteran) insects must establish close associations with their host plants in order to modulate plant cellular processes to promote feeding and reproduction. This focus issue on molecular interactions between plants and different representatives of the animal kingdom sheds light on recent developments and offers a platform for exciting new data in this field. We are grateful to all the authors for their diverse contributions and for making this focus issue possible. Click on Next Article or Table of Contents above to view the articles in this Focus Issue. (From the Mobile site, go to the MPMI January 2013 issue.)

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

scholarly journals Induction of cell wall phenolic monomers as part of direct defense response in maize to pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens Walker) and non-insect interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lakshmi Soujanya ◽  
J. C. Sekhar ◽  
C. V. Ratnavathi ◽  
Chikkappa G. Karjagi ◽  
E. Shobha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Defense ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Induced Defense Responses

AbstractPink stem borer (PSB) causes considerable yield losses to maize. Plant–insect interactions have significant implications for sustainable pest management. The present study demonstrated that PSB feeding, mechanical wounding, a combination of mechanical wounding and PSB regurgitation and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate have induced phenolic compound mediated defense responses both at short term (within 2 days of treatment) and long term (in 15 days of treatment) in leaf and stalk tissues of maize. The quantification of two major defense related phenolic compounds namely p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) and ferulic acid (FA) was carried out through ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) at 2 and 15 days after imposing the above treatments. The p-CA content induced in leaf tissues of maize genotypes were intrinsically higher when challenged by PSB attack at V3 and V6 stages in short- and long-term responses. Higher p-CA content was observed in stalk tissues upon wounding and regurgitation in short- and long-term responses at V3 and V6 stages. Significant accumulation of FA content was also observed in leaf tissues in response to PSB feeding at V3 stage in long-term response while at V6 stage it was observed both in short- and long-term responses. In stalk tissues, methyl jasmonate induced higher FA content in short-term response at V3 stage. However, at V6 stage PSB feeding induced FA accumulation in the short-term while, wounding and regurgitation treatment-induced defense responses in the long-term. In general, the resistant (DMRE 63, CM 500) and moderately resistant genotypes (WNZ ExoticPool) accumulated significantly higher contents of p-CA and FA content than susceptible ones (CM 202, BML 6) in most of the cases. The study indicates that phenolic mediated defense responses in maize are induced by PSB attack followed by wounding and regurgitation compared to the other induced treatments. Furthermore, the study confirmed that induced defense responses vary with plant genotype, stage of crop growth, plant tissue and short and long-term responses. The results of the study suggested that the Phenolic acids i.e. p-CA and FA may contribute to maize resistance mechanisms in the maize-PSB interaction system.

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