scholarly journals Cooperative herbivory between two important pests of rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Hu ◽  
Shuangli Su ◽  
Yufa Peng ◽  
Gongyin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Parasitoid Attraction

AbstractNormally, when different species of herbivorous arthropods feed on the same plant this leads to fitness reducing competition. We found this to be uniquely different for two of Asia’s most destructive rice pests, the brown planthopper and the rice striped stem borer. Both insects directly and indirectly benefit from jointly attacking the same host plant. Double infestation improved plant quality, particularly for the stemborer because the planthopper fully suppresses caterpillar-induced production of proteinase inhibitors. It also drastically reduced the risk of egg parasitism, due to diminished parasitoid attraction. Females of both pests have adapted their oviposition behaviour accordingly. Their strong preference for plants infested by the other species even overrides their avoidance of plants already attacked by conspecifics. This uncovered cooperation between herbivores is telling of the exceptional adaptations resulting from the evolution of plant-insect interactions, and points out mechanistic vulnerabilities that can be targeted to control two major pests.

scholarly journals Cooperative herbivory between two important pests of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
Xiaoyun Hu ◽  
Shuangli Su ◽  
Yuese Ning ◽  
Yufa Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Host Plant Quality ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Parasitoid Attraction

AbstractNormally, when different species of herbivorous arthropods feed on the same plant this leads to fitness-reducing competition. We found this to be different for two of Asia’s most destructive rice pests, the brown planthopper and the rice striped stem borer. Both insects directly and indirectly benefit from jointly attacking the same host plant. Double infestation improved host plant quality, particularly for the stemborer because the planthopper fully suppresses caterpillar-induced production of proteinase inhibitors. It also reduced the risk of egg parasitism, due to diminished parasitoid attraction. Females of both pests have adapted their oviposition behaviour accordingly. Their strong preference for plants infested by the other species even overrides their avoidance of plants already attacked by conspecifics. This cooperation between herbivores is telling of adaptations resulting from the evolution of plant-insect interactions, and points out mechanistic vulnerabilities that can be targeted to control these major pests.

scholarly journals Plant-insect interactions: an evolutionary arms race between two distinct defense mechanisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia O. Mello ◽  
Marcio C. Silva-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Insect Attack ◽  
Plant Insect Interaction

In this review, plant-insect interaction is discussed as a dynamic system, subjected to continual variation and change. Plants developed different mechanisms to reduce insect attack, including specific responses that activate different metabolic pathways which considerably alter their chemical and physical aspects. On the other hand, insects developed several strategies to overcome plant defense barriers, allowing them to feed, grow and reproduce on their host plants. This review foccuses on several aspects of this complex interaction between plants and insects, including chemical-derived substances, protein-derived molecules and volatile compounds of plants whereas metabolization, sequestration or avoidance are in turn employed by the insects.

scholarly journals Focus on Molecular Plant-Nematode and Plant-Insect Interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Hogenhout ◽  
Melissa Mitchum ◽  
Geert Smant
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes engage in a long-lasting and intimate relationship with their host plant. This interaction starts in the soil when freshly hatched infective juveniles are attracted to specific parts of a host plant root system. Little is known of what determines the attractiveness of host plant roots, but a mix of biochemical and structural cues from specific host tissues in the roots likely triggers invasive behavior in nematodes. Similarly to nematodes, phloem-feeding aphids and other piercing-sucking (hemipteran) insects must establish close associations with their host plants in order to modulate plant cellular processes to promote feeding and reproduction. This focus issue on molecular interactions between plants and different representatives of the animal kingdom sheds light on recent developments and offers a platform for exciting new data in this field. We are grateful to all the authors for their diverse contributions and for making this focus issue possible. Click on Next Article or Table of Contents above to view the articles in this Focus Issue. (From the Mobile site, go to the MPMI January 2013 issue.)

Consequences of Corymbia (Myrtaceae) hybridisation on leaf-oil profiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Hayes ◽  
Helen F. Nahrung ◽  
David J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Insect Interactions

The present study examines patterns of heritability of plant secondary metabolites following hybridisation among three genetically homogeneous taxa of spotted gum (Corymbia henryi (S.T.Blake) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, C. citriodora subsp. variegata (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson and C. citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson subsp. citriodora (section Maculatae), and their congener C. torelliana (F.Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S.Johnson (section Torellianae)). Hexane extracts of leaves of all four parent taxa were statistically distinguishable (ANOSIM: global R = 0.976, P = 0.008). Hybridisation patterns varied among the taxa studied, with the hybrid formed with C. citriodora subsp. variegata showing an intermediate extractive profile between its parents, whereas the profiles of the other two hybrids were dominated by that of C. torelliana. These different patterns in plant secondary-metabolite inheritance may have implications for a range of plant–insect interactions.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

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