scholarly journals Predictors of COVID-19 epidemics in countries of the World Health Organization African Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Zhang ◽  
Humphrey Karamagi ◽  
Ngoy Nsenga ◽  
Miriam Nanyunja ◽  
Miriam Karinja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractCountries of the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region have experienced a wide range of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics. This study aimed to identify predictors of the timing of the first COVID-19 case and the per capita mortality in WHO African Region countries during the first and second pandemic waves and to test for associations with the preparedness of health systems and government pandemic responses. Using a region-wide, country-based observational study, we found that the first case was detected earlier in countries with more urban populations, higher international connectivity and greater COVID-19 test capacity but later in island nations. Predictors of a high first wave per capita mortality rate included a more urban population, higher pre-pandemic international connectivity and a higher prevalence of HIV. Countries rated as better prepared and having more resilient health systems were worst affected by the disease, the imposition of restrictions or both, making any benefit of more stringent countermeasures difficult to detect. Predictors for the second wave were similar to the first. Second wave per capita mortality could be predicted from that of the first wave. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights unanticipated vulnerabilities to infectious disease in Africa that should be taken into account in future pandemic preparedness planning.

COVID-19 epidemic in The World Health Organization African Region (WHOAR): Situation and forecast

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1320-1338
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Hernandez Caceres ◽  
Graham Wright ◽  
Berhanu Dibaba Kumma ◽  
Frank Verbeke ◽  
Yury Nechipurenko
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Panel 2.9: Repair and Recovery of Health Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-431
Author(s):  
Bjorn Melgaard ◽  
Maria Cristina Profili ◽  
Peter Heimann ◽  
Aryono Pusponegoro ◽  
Edward O'Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Panel 2.9, Repair and Recovery of Health Systemsof the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to the repair and recovery of health systems as pertain to the damage created by the Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) needs assessment; (2) coordination; (3) filling gaps; (4) capacity building; (5) what was done well, and what should have been done better; (6) lessons learned; and (7) recommendations. Recommendations included: (1) how to make health systems better prepared for coping with disasters; and (2) how to support preparedness in local communities.

Companies, COVID-19 and Respect for Human Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
Salil TRIPATHI
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Strain ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Experts

The relentless spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)1 has been exponential, with an alarming number of deaths2 putting health systems under severe strain. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic3 and health experts cannot predict when a vaccine may be available, or when the spread will slow.

scholarly journals Considerations on methodology used in the World Health Organization 2000 Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Domingues Ugá ◽  
Célia Maria de Almeida ◽  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald ◽  
Cláudia Travassos ◽  
Francisco Viacava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the World Health Organization Report for 2000, with emphasis placed on the methodology used to analyze the indicators utilized to compare and classify the performance of the health systems of the 191 member countries. The Report's contribution was the compromise of monitoring the performance of the health systems of member countries, but because of the inconsistent way it was elaborated, and the utilization of questionable scientific evaluation methodologies, the Report fails to give a clear picture. A criterion-based methodology revision is imposed. The main problems in evidence are the choice of individual indicators of disparity in health that discount the population profile, the inadequate control of the impact of social disparities over the performance of the systems, the evaluation of the responsibility of systems that are only partially articulated to the right of the citizens, the lack of data for a great number of countries, consequently having inconsistent estimations, and the lack of transparency in the methodological procedures in the calculation of some indicators. The article suggests a wide methodological revision of the Report.

scholarly journals Critical Review of the Effects of Glyphosate Exposure to the Environment and Humans through the Food Supply Chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Torretta ◽  
Ioannis Katsoyiannis ◽  
Paolo Viotti ◽  
Elena Rada
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Global Market ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Synthesis Product ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Glyphosate is a synthesis product and chemical substance that entered in the global market during the 70s. In the beginning, the molecule was used as an active principle in a wide range of herbicides, with great success. This was mainly due to its systemic and non-selective action against vegetable organisms and also to the spread of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) crops, which over the years were specifically created with a resistance to glyphosate. To date, the product is, for these reasons, the most sprayed and most used herbicide in the world. Because of its widespread diffusion into the environment, it was not long before glyphosate found itself at the center of an important scientific debate about its adverse effects on health and environment. In fact, in 2015 the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France), an organization referred to as the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland), classified the substance as “likely carcinogenic” to humans. This triggered an immediate and negative reaction from the producer, who accused the Agency and claimed that they had failed to carry out their studies properly and that these conclusions were largely contradictory to published research. Additionally, in 2015, just a few months after the IARC monography published on glyphosate, the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy), another WHO related organization, declared that it was “unlikely” that the molecule could be carcinogenic to humans or that it could cause any type of risk to human health. The conflict between the two organizations of the World Health Organization triggered many doubts, and for this reason, a series of independent studies were launched to better understand what glyphosate’s danger to humans and the environment really was. The results have brought to light how massive use of the herbicide has created over time a real global contamination that has not only affected the soil, surface and groundwater as well as the atmosphere, but even food and commonly used objects, such as diapers, medical gauze, and absorbent for female intimate hygiene. How human health is compromised as a result of glyphosate exposure is a topic that is still very debatable and still unclear and unambiguous. This paper is a review of the results of the main independent recent scientific studies.

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