scholarly journals Anomalous wind triggered the largest phytoplankton bloom in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Hoe Chow ◽  
Wee Cheah ◽  
Jen-Hua Tai ◽  
Sin-Fu Liu
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Velocity Shear ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Anomalous Wind ◽  
Anticyclonic Eddies

Abstract In summer 2010, a massive bloom appeared in the middle (16–25°N, 160–200°E) of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) creating a spectacular oasis in the middle of the largest oceanic desert on Earth. Peaked in June 2010 covering over two million km2 in space, this phytoplankton bloom is the largest ever recorded by ocean color satellites in the NPSG over the period from 1997 to 2013. The initiation and mechanisms sustaining the massive bloom were due to atmospheric and oceanic anomalies. Over the north (25–30°N) of the bloom, strong anticyclonic winds warmed sea surface temperature (SST) via Ekman convergence. Subsequently, anomalous westward ocean currents were generated by SST meridional gradients between 19°N and 25°N, producing strong velocity shear that caused large number of mesoscale (100-km in order) cyclonic eddies in the bloom region. The ratio of cyclonic to anticyclonic eddies of 2.7 in summer 2010 is the highest over the 16-year study period. As a result of the large eddy-number differences, eddy-eddy interactions were strong and induced submesoscale (smaller than 100 km) vertical pumping as observed in the in-situ ocean profiles. The signature of vertical pumping was also presented in the in-situ measurements of chlorophyll and nutrients, which show higher concentrations in 2010 than other years.

scholarly journals In Situ Diazotroph Population Dynamics Under Different Resource Ratios in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra A. Turk-Kubo ◽  
Paige Connell ◽  
David Caron ◽  
Mary E. Hogan ◽  
Hanna M. Farnelid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Resource Ratios

scholarly journals Diel Oscillations of Particulate Metabolites Reflect Synchronized Microbial Activity in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K. Boysen ◽  
Laura T. Carlson ◽  
Bryndan P. Durham ◽  
Ryan D. Groussman ◽  
Frank O. Aylward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Direct Products ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Primary Input ◽  
The North ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
The North Pacific

AbstractLight is the primary input of energy into the sunlit ocean, driving daily oscillations in metabolism of primary producers. The consequences of this solar forcing have implications for the whole microbial community, yet in situ measurements of metabolites, direct products of cellular activity, over the diel cycle are scarce. We evaluated community-level biochemical consequences of diel oscillations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre by quantifying 79 metabolites in particulate organic matter in surface waters every four hours over eight days. Total particulate metabolite concentration peaked at dusk, even when normalized to biomass estimates. The concentrations of 70% of individual metabolites exhibited 24-hour periodicity. Despite the diverse organisms that use them, primary metabolites involved in anabolic processes and redox maintenance had significant 24-hour periodicity. Osmolytes exhibited the largest diel oscillations, implying rapid turnover and metabolic roles beyond cell turgor maintenance. Metatranscriptome analysis revealed the taxa involved in production and consumption of some metabolites, including the osmolyte trehalose. This compound displayed the largest diel oscillations in abundance and was likely produced by the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera for energy storage. These findings demonstrate that paired measurements of particulate metabolites and transcripts resolve strategies microbes use to manage daily energy and redox oscillations.

scholarly journals Euphotic zone metabolism in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre based on oxygen dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ferron ◽  
Benedetto Barone ◽  
Matthew J Church ◽  
Angelicque E. White ◽  
David M. Karl
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
The North ◽  
Oxygen Dynamics ◽  
The North Pacific

Weakening and Poleward Shifting of the North Pacific Subtropical Fronts from 1980 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Mode Water ◽  
Mode Waters ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Subtropical Fronts

Abstract Recent evidence shows that the North Pacific subtropical gyre, the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and Oyashio Extension (OE) fronts have moved poleward in the past few decades. However, changes of the North Pacific Subtropical Fronts (STFs), anchored by the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent in the southern subtropical gyre, remain to be quantified. By synthesizing observations, reanalysis, and eddy-resolving ocean hindcasts, we show that the STFs, especially their eastern part, weakened (20%±5%) and moved poleward (1.6°±0.4°) from 1980 to 2018. Changes of the STFs are modified by mode waters to the north. We find that the central mode water (CMW) (180°-160°W) shows most significant weakening (18%±7%) and poleward shifting (2.4°±0.9°) trends, while the eastern part of the subtropical mode water (STMW) (160°E-180°) has similar but moderate changes (10% ± 8%; 0.9°±0.4°). Trends of the western part of the STMW (140°E-160°E) are not evident. The weakening and poleward shifting of mode waters and STFs are enhanced to the east and are mainly associated with changes of the northern deep mixed layers and outcrop lines—which have a growing northward shift as they elongate to the east. The eastern deep mixed layer shows the largest shallowing trend, where the subduction rate also decreases the most. The mixed layer and outcrop line changes are strongly coupled with the northward migration of the North Pacific subtropical gyre and the KE/OE jets as a result of the poleward expanded Hadley cell, indicating that the KE/OE fronts, mode waters, and STFs change as a whole system.

scholarly journals 2P271 Flow cytometry identification of nanocyanobacteria and their limiting factors in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(23. Ecology & Environment,Poster)

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (supplement1-2) ◽  
pp. S203
Author(s):  
Mathias Girault ◽  
Hisayuki Arakawa ◽  
Gerald Gregori ◽  
Fuminori Hashihama ◽  
Hyonchol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

scholarly journals Microbiome of Trichodesmium Colonies from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Gradoville ◽  
Byron C. Crump ◽  
Ricardo M. Letelier ◽  
Matthew J. Church ◽  
Angelicque E. White
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific
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