Heat stress reduces sexual development and affects pathogenesis of Eimeria maxima in meat-type chickens

Heat stress (HS) causes molecular dysfunction that adversely affects chicken performance and increases mortality. The responses of chickens to HS are extremely complex. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic exposure to HS on the expression of thioredoxin–peroxiredoxin system genes and DNA methylation in chickens. Chickens at 14 d of age were divided into two groups and reared under either constant normal temperature (25 °C) or high temperature (35 °C) in individual cages for 12 days. Five birds per group at one and 12 days post-HS were euthanized and livers were sampled for gene expression. The liver and Pectoralis major muscle were sampled for cellular analysis. mRNA expression of thioredoxin and peroxiredoxins (Prdx) 1, 3, and 4 in the liver were down-regulated at 12 days post-HS compared to controls. The liver activity of thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) and levels of peroxiredoxin1 (Prdx1) at 12 days post-HS were significantly decreased. The results reveal that there was a significant decrease in DNA methylation at 12 days post HS in liver tissues. In conclusion, pathway of thioredoxin system under HS may provide clues to nutritional strategies to mitigate the effect of HS in meat-type chicken.

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F-actin distribution and function during sexual development in Eimeria maxima

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182015000207 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 142 (7) ◽

pp. 855-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

SONJA FRÖLICH ◽

MICHAEL WALLACH

Keyword(s):

Actin Cytoskeleton ◽

Sexual Development ◽

Actin Filaments ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Actin Microfilaments ◽

Oocyst Wall ◽

Wall Formation ◽

Eimeria Maxima

SUMMARYTo determine the involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in macrogametocyte growth and oocyst wall formation, freshly purified macrogametocytes and oocysts were stained with Oregon Green 514 conjugated phalloidin to visualize F-actin microfilaments, while Evans blue staining was used to detect type 1 wall forming bodies (WFB1s) and the outer oocyst wall. The double-labelled parasites were then analysed at various stages of sexual development using three-dimensional confocal microscopy. The results showed F-actin filaments were distributed throughout the entire cytoplasm of mature Eimeria maxima macrogametocytes forming a web-like meshwork of actin filaments linking the type 1 WFBs together into structures resembling ‘beads on a string’. At the early stages of oocyst wall formation, F-actin localization changed in alignment with the egg-shaped morphology of the forming oocysts with F-actin microfilaments making direct contact with the WFB1s. In tissue oocysts, the labelled actin cytoskeleton was situated underneath the forming outer layer of the oocyst wall. Treatment of macrogametocytes in vitro with the actin depolymerizing agents, Cytochalasin D and Latrunculin, led to a reduction in the numbers of mature WFB1s in the cytoplasm of the developing macrogametocytes, indicating that the actin plays an important role in WFB1 transport and oocyst wall formation in E. maxima.

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Effect of heat stress on protein utilization and nutrient transporters in meat-type chickens

International Journal of Biometeorology ◽

10.1007/s00484-017-1414-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 2111-2118 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Walid S. Habashy ◽

Marie C. Milfort ◽

Alberta L. Fuller ◽

Youssef A. Attia ◽

Romdhane Rekaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Nutrient Transporters ◽

Protein Utilization ◽

Meat Type

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Heat stress and feeding strategies in meat-type chickens

World s Poultry Science Journal ◽

10.1017/s0043933911000742 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 653-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

S. Syafwan ◽

R.P. Kwakkel ◽

M.W.A. Verstegen

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Meat Type

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Effects of betaine on biological functions in meat-type ducks exposed to heat stress

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps/pew416 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 1515 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.O. Park ◽

W.K. Kim

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Meat Type

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Parenting and Adolescents’ Sexual Development in Western Societies

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000031 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Hanneke de Graaf ◽

Ine Vanwesenbeeck ◽

Liesbeth Woertman ◽

Wim Meeus

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Sexual Development ◽

Parental Support ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Psychosexual Development ◽

First Sexual Intercourse ◽

Parenting Influences ◽

Reciprocal Associations

This review examines associations between parenting styles and the psychosexual development of adolescents. Methods and results of empirical studies of associations between parental support, control, and knowledge and the sexual behavior and sexual health of adolescents are described and evaluated. The results show that, in general, higher scores on support, control, and knowledge relate to a delay of first sexual intercourse, safer sexual practices, and higher sexual competence. Despite the vast amount of literature on this subject, the majority of these studies focus on single dimensions of parenting and unidirectional parenting influences. This review generates hypotheses regarding interactions of different parenting styles and reciprocal associations between parents and their children. There is a need for more dynamic, dialectical studies of parenting, and children’s sexual development.

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