scholarly journals Ecological parameter reductions, environmental regimes, and characteristic process diagram of carbon dioxide fluxes in coastal salt marshes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandker S. Ishtiaq ◽  
Omar I. Abdul-Aziz

Abstract We investigated the ecological parameter reductions (termed “similitudes”) and characteristic patterns of the net uptake fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in coastal salt marshes using dimensional analysis method from fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering. Data collected during May–October, 2013 from four salt marshes in Waquoit Bay and adjacent estuary, Massachusetts, USA were utilized to evaluate the theoretically-derived dimensionless flux and various ecological driver numbers. Two meaningful dimensionless groups were discovered as the light use efficiency number (LUE = CO2 normalized by photosynthetically active radiation) and the biogeochemical number (combination of soil temperature, porewater salinity, and atmospheric pressure). A semi-logarithmic plot of the dimensionless numbers indicated the emergence of a characteristic diagram represented by three distinct LUE regimes (high, transitional, and low). The high regime corresponded to the most favorable (high temperature and low salinity) condition for CO2 uptake, whereas the low regime represented an unfavorable condition (low temperature and high salinity). The analysis identified two environmental thresholds (soil temperature ~ 17 °C and salinity ~ 30 ppt), which dictated the regime transitions of CO2 uptake. The process diagram and critical thresholds provide important insights into the CO2 uptake potential of coastal wetlands in response to changes in key environmental drivers.

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Journal Journal

ABSTRACT The aim of this study to known Co2 fluxes in low tide and ombrotrophic peatland on forest land, ex- burns land, rubber tree land, and maize land and to known amount of microbial populations there. Observation method was carried out at the village Kalampangan (ombrotrophic peatland) , Sebangau, Palangka Raya, and at the village Purwodadi (low tide peatland), Maliku, Pulang Pisau, from May to July 2014. Observation variables consist of CO2 fluxes, fluctuations of groundwater levels, soil temperature, soil humidity and microbial populations. The results show that overall carbon dioxide fluxes higher in low tide peatland, with the highest fluxes in burnt areas, 430.24 mg C m-2 h-1, whereas in Ombrotrophic peatland, the highest on 292 forested land, 92 mg C m-2h-1. In Ombrotrophic peatland, relation between fluxes of carbon dioxide and the soil temperature is significant in the burnt areas with a value of R = 0.856 with a quadratic pattern, with the average temperature of 28.89 ° C. Fluxes of carbon dioxide significantly effected by soil moisture that is at a rubber plantation with a value of R = 0.640 with quadraticpatterned, average soil moisture of 0.61 m3/m-3. Fluxes of carbon dioxide to the groundwater depth is significant on a rubber plantation with a value of R = 0.872 with a quadratic pattern, and depth of groundwater on average of 83.74 cm. The populatuin of microorganisms, in forest land 137 sel/ml, rubber plantations 154 sel/ml, cornfields 157 sel/ml and ex-burnt is 80 sel/ml. In Low Tide peatland, fluxes of carbon dioxide to the soil temperature is significant in forest land with the value of R = 0.545 with cubic pattern, and the average temperature of 27,39 oC. Soil moisture has the siginificant effect to fluxes of carbon dioxide that is in the burnt areas with a value of R = 0.617 with patterned quadratic, and average soil moisture of 0.50 m3/m-3. The ground water depth has a siginificant effect to fluxes of carbon dioxide in a cornfield with a value of R = 0.743 with a quadratic pattern, and the depth of soil water on average of 68.98 cm. Population of soil microorganisms, in forest land 73 sel/ml, rubber plantations 36 sel/ml, cornfields 51 sel/ml and ex-burnt 18 sel/ml. Soil temperature, soil moisture, groundwater depth and microoganisms effect on carbon dioxide fluxes. Key words : carbondioxide, fluxes, microorganisms, peatland ABSTRAK Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tipe penggunaan lahan gambut pasang surut dan lahan gambut pedalaman, baik pada hutan alami, eks kebakaran, lahan pertanian (jagung) dan perkebunan karet terhadap fluks karbon dioksida dan mengetahui pengaruh jumlah mikroorganisme terhadap fluks karbon dioksida pada hutan alami, eks kebakaran, lahan pertanian (jagung) dan perkebunan karet pada kedua tipe lahan gambut tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari tanggal 23 Mei sampai dengan 19 Juli 2014 (2 bulan) di Kalampangan dan Purwodadi (Kanamit). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan, fluks karbon dioksida secara keseluruhan lebih tinggi di Gambut Pasang Surut dibandingkan dengan di Pedalaman. Rata-rata fluks karbon dioksida di Gambut Pasang Surut, Jurnal AGRI PEAT, Vol. 18 No. 2 , September 2017 : 68 - 81 ISSN :1411 - 6782 69 pada lahan berhutan 285, 22 mg C m-2h-1, pada kebun karet 264,69 mg C m-2h-1, pada kebun jagung 232,08 mg C m-2h-1, pada lahan bekas kebakaran 430,24 mg C m-2h-1. Meskipun demikian, di Gambut Pedalaman, pada lahan berhutan lebih tinggi dibanding di Pasang Surut yaitu 292, 92 mg C m-2h-1, pada kebun karet 224,93 mg C m-2h-1, pada kebun jagung 211,30 mg C m-2h-1, pada lahan bekas kebakaran 228,07 mg C m-2h-1. Di Gambut Pedalaman, hubungan fluks karbon dioksida terhadap suhu tanah yang berpengaruh nyata yaitu pada areal bekas kebakaran dengan nilai R = 0,856 dengan berpola kuadratik, suhu rata-rata 28,89 oC. Fluks karbon dioksida terhadap kelembaban tanah yang berpengaruh nyata yaitu pada kebun karet dengan nilai R = 0,640 dengan berpola kuadratik, kelembaban tanah rata-rata 0,61 m3/m-3. Hubunganfluks karbon dioksida terhadap kedalaman air tanah yang berpengaruh nyata yaitu pada kebun karet dengan nilai R = 0,872 berpola kuadratik dengan kedalaman air tanah rata-rata 83,74 cm. Mikroorganisme, di lahan hutan 137 sel/ml, kebun karet 154 sel/ml, kebun jagung 157 sel/ml dan dilahan bekas kebakaran 80 sel/ml. Di Gambut Pasang Surut, hubungan fluks karbon dioksida terhadap suhu tanah yang berpengaruh nyata yaitu pada lahan hutan dengan nilai R = 0,545 dengan berpola kubik, suhu rata- rata 27,39 oC. Hubungan fluks karbon dioksida terhadap kelembaban tanah yang berpengaruh nyata yaitu pada lahan bekas kebakaran dengan nilai R = 0,617 dengan berpola kuadratik, kelembaban tanah rata-rata 0,50 m3/m-3. Hubungan fluks karbon dioksida terhadap kedalaman air tanah yang berpengaruh nyata yaitu pada kebun jagung dengan nilai R = 0,743 berpola kuadratik dengan kedalaman air tanah rata-rata 68,98 cm. Mikroorganisme, di lahan hutan 73 sel/ml, kebun karet 36 sel/ml, kebun jagung 51 sel/ml dan dilahan bekas kebakaran 18 sel/ml. Suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah, kedalaman air tanah berpengaruh terhadap fluks karbon dioksida dan mikroorganisme pengaruhnya kecil. Kata kunci : carbondioxide, fluxes, microorganisms, peatland


1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lessard ◽  
P. Rochette ◽  
E. Topp ◽  
E. Pattey ◽  
R. L Desjardins ◽  
...  

Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes at the soil surface were measured from April to November 1992 in Ottawa, on adjacent cultivated (corn) and forest (temperate woodland) sites using closed chambers (10 chambers per site). The objectives were to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of gas exchange rates, and to determine the effects of soil temperature and moisture on the fluxes. On the forest soil, rates of CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake ranged from 2.27 to 14.82 g m−2 d−1 and from 0.04 to 1.10 mg m−2 d−1, respectively. On the cultivated soil, the measured CO2 fluxes varied from 0.27 to 7.07 g m−2 d−1 while methane uptake ranged from 0 to 0.13 mg m−2 d−1. There was a positive correlation between soil surface CO2 fluxes and soil temperature for the forest (R2 = 0.74, s(ŷ) = 1.77 g m−2 d−1) and the cultivated (R2 = 0.48, s(ŷ) = 1.10 g m−2 d−1) sites. Temperature had little effect on methane uptake by the forest soil suggesting that gas diffusion was rate limiting. This was further substantiated by the observation that methane uptake showed a strong negative correlation with soil water content (R2 = 0.79, s(ŷ) = 0.12 mg m−2 d−1). The spatial variability for methane uptake in the forest soil was found to be much larger than that previously observed for soil carbon dioxide production but is lower than that reported for nitrous oxide production. For fluxes larger than 0.15 mg m−2 d−1, the number of sites necessary to estimate the average flux with a precision of 10% (α = 0.05) ranged from 7 to 452. Key words: Greenhouse gas, methane oxidation, soil respiration, spatial variability


2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 108197
Author(s):  
Hollie E. Emery ◽  
John H. Angell ◽  
Akaash Tawade ◽  
Robinson W. Fulweiler

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Quansah ◽  
Matthias Mauder ◽  
Ahmed A Balogun ◽  
Leonard K Amekudzi ◽  
Luitpold Hingerl ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K Baldocchi ◽  
David E Reed ◽  
Luke C Loken ◽  
Emily H. Stanley ◽  
Hayley Huerd ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 104854
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delsarte ◽  
Grégory Cohen ◽  
Marian Momtbrun ◽  
Patrick Höhener ◽  
Olivier Atteia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Attermeyer ◽  
Joan Pere Casas-Ruiz ◽  
Thomas Fuss ◽  
Ada Pastor ◽  
Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié ◽  
...  

AbstractGlobally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1 mmol m−2 h−1 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.


2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. van der Molen ◽  
J. van Huissteden ◽  
F. J. W. Parmentier ◽  
A. M. R. Petrescu ◽  
A. J. Dolman ◽  
...  

Abstract. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes were measured at a tundra site near Chokurdakh, in the lowlands of the Indigirka river in north-east Siberia. This site is one of the few stations on Russian tundra and it is different from most other tundra flux stations in its continentality. A suite of methods was applied to determine the fluxes of NEE, GPP, Reco and methane, including eddy covariance, chambers and leaf cuvettes. Net carbon dioxide fluxes were high compared with other tundra sites, with NEE=−92 g C m−2 yr−1, which is composed of an Reco=+141 g C m−2 yr−1 and GPP=−232 g C m−2 yr−1. This large carbon dioxide sink may be explained by the continental climate, that is reflected in low winter soil temperatures (−14°C), reducing the respiration rates, and short, relatively warm summers, stimulating high photosynthesis rates. Interannual variability in GPP was dominated by the frequency of light limitation (Rg<200 W m−2), whereas Reco depends most directly on soil temperature and time in the growing season, which serves as a proxy of the combined effects of active layer depth, leaf area index, soil moisture and substrate availability. The methane flux, in units of global warming potential, was +28 g C-CO2e m−2 yr−1, so that the greenhouse gas balance was −64 g C-CO2e m−2 yr−1. Methane fluxes depended only slightly on soil temperature and were highly sensitive to hydrological conditions and vegetation composition.


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