scholarly journals Developmental features of sleep electrophysiology in family dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Reicher ◽  
Nóra Bunford ◽  
Anna Kis ◽  
Cecília Carreiro ◽  
Barbara Csibra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Juvenile Sample ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Developmental Features

AbstractAge-related differences in dog sleep and the age at which dogs reach adulthood as indexed by sleep electrophysiology are unknown. We assessed, in (1) a Juvenile sample (n = 60) of 2–14-month-old dogs (weight range: 4–68 kg), associations between age, sleep macrostructure, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) EEG power spectrum, whether weight moderates associations, and (2) an extended sample (n = 91) of 2–30-months-old dogs, when sleep parameters stabilise. In Juvenile dogs, age was positively associated with time in drowsiness between 2 and 8 months, and negatively with time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep between 2 and 6 months. Age was negatively associated with delta and positively with theta and alpha power activity, between 8 and 14 months. Older dogs exhibited greater sigma and beta power activity. Larger, > 8-month-old dogs had less delta and more alpha and beta activity. In extended sample, descriptive data suggest age-related power spectrum differences do not stabilise by 14 months. Drowsiness, REM, and delta power findings are consistent with prior results. Sleep electrophysiology is a promising index of dog neurodevelopment; some parameters stabilise in adolescence and some later than one year. Determination of the effect of weight and timing of power spectrum stabilisation needs further inquiry. The dog central nervous system is not fully mature by 12 months of age.

Wake and Sleep EEG in Patients With Huntington Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Piano ◽  
Edoardo Mazzucchi ◽  
Anna Rita Bentivoglio ◽  
Anna Losurdo ◽  
Giovanna Calandra Buonaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Brodmann Areas ◽  
Polygraphic Recordings ◽  
Power Threshold ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

The aim of the study was to evaluate the EEG modifications in patients with Huntington disease (HD) compared with controls, by means of the exact LOw REsolution Tomography (eLORETA) software. We evaluated EEG changes during wake, non–rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Moreover, we reviewed the literature concerning EEG modifications in HD. Twenty-three consecutive adult patients affected by HD were enrolled, 14 women and 9 men, mean age was 57.0 ± 12.4 years. Control subjects were healthy volunteers (mean age 58.2 ± 14.6 years). EEG and polygraphic recordings were performed during wake (before sleep) and during sleep. Sources of EEG activities were determined using the eLORETA software. In wake EEG, significant differences between patients and controls were detected in the delta frequency band (threshold T = ±4.606; P < .01) in the Brodmann areas (BAs) 3, 4, and 6 bilaterally. In NREM sleep, HD patients showed increased alpha power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in BAs 4 and 6 bilaterally; decreased theta power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in the BAs 23, 29, and 30; and decreased beta power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in the left BA 30. During REM, HD patients presented decreased theta and alpha power (threshold T = ±4.640; P < .01) in the BAs 23, 29, 30, and 31 bilaterally. In conclusion, EEG data suggest a motor cortex dysfunction during wake and sleep in HD patients, which correlates with the clinical and polysomnographic evidence of increased motor activity during wake and NREM, and nearly absent motor abnormalities in REM.

scholarly journals Dream Recall upon Awakening from Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Older Adults: Electrophysiological Pattern and Qualitative Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Scarpelli ◽  
Aurora D’Atri ◽  
Chiara Bartolacci ◽  
Maurizio Gorgoni ◽  
Anastasia Mangiaruga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Dream Report

Several findings support the activation hypothesis, positing that cortical arousal promotes dream recall (DR). However, most studies have been carried out on young participants, while the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates of DR in older people are still mostly unknown. We aimed to test the activation hypothesis on 20 elders, focusing on the Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep stage. All the subjects underwent polysomnography, and a dream report was collected upon their awakening from NREM sleep. Nine subjects were recallers (RECs) and 11 were non-RECs (NRECs). The delta and beta EEG activity of the last 5 min and the total NREM sleep was calculated by Fast Fourier Transform. Statistical comparisons (RECs vs. NRECs) revealed no differences in the last 5 min of sleep. Significant differences were found in the total NREM sleep: the RECs showed lower delta power over the parietal areas than the NRECs. Consistently, statistical comparisons on the activation index (delta/beta power) revealed that RECs showed a higher level of arousal in the fronto-temporal and parieto-occipital regions than NRECs. Both visual vividness and dream length are positively related to the level of activation. Overall, our results are consistent with the view that dreaming and the storage of oneiric contents depend on the level of arousal during sleep, highlighting a crucial role of the temporo-parietal-occipital zone.

scholarly journals High Resolution Topography of Age-Related Changes in Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Electroencephalography

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Sprecher ◽  
Brady A. Riedner ◽  
Richard F. Smith ◽  
Giulio Tononi ◽  
Richard J. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Alterations in sleep, sleep spindle, and EEG power in mGluR5 knockout mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Aguilar ◽  
Robert E. Strecker ◽  
Radhika Basheer ◽  
James M. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Abnormal Sleep

The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) represents a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia and other disorders. Schizophrenia is associated with progressive abnormalities in cortical oscillatory processes including reduced spindles (8–15 Hz) during sleep and increased delta (0.5–4 Hz)- and gamma-band activity (30–80 Hz) during wakefulness. mGluR5 knockout (KO) mice demonstrate many schizophrenia-like behaviors, including abnormal sleep. To examine the effects of mGluR5 on the maintenance of the neocortical circuitry responsible for such neural oscillations, we analyzed sleep/wake electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of mGluR5 KO mice at baseline, after 6 h of sleep deprivation, and during a visual method of cortical entrainment (visual steady state response). We hypothesized mGluR5-KO mice would exhibit translationally relevant abnormalities in sleep and neural oscillations that mimic schizophrenia. Power spectral and spindle density analyses were performed across 24-h EEG recordings in mGluR5-KO mice and wild-type (WT) controls. Novel findings in mGluR5 KO mice include deficits in sleep spindle density, wake alpha power, and 40-Hz visual task-evoked gamma power and phase locking. Sigma power (10–15 Hz), an approximation of spindle activity, was also reduced during non-rapid eye movement sleep transitions. Our observations on abnormal sleep/wake are generally in agreement with previous reports, although we did not replicate changes in rapid eye movement sleep. The timing of these phenotypes may suggest an impaired circadian process in mGluR5 KO mice. In conclusion, EEG phenotypes in mGluR5 KO mice resemble deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia. These findings implicate mGluR5-mediated pathways in several translationally relevant phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, and suggest that agents targeting this receptor may have harmful consequences on sleep health and daily patterns of EEG power. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) knockout (KO) mice show several translationally relevant abnormalities in neural oscillatory activity associated with schizophrenia. These include deficits in sleep spindle density, sigma and alpha power, and 40-Hz task-evoked gamma power. The timing of these phenotypes suggests an impaired circadian process in these mice. Previously reported rapid eye movement sleep deficits in this model were not observed. These findings suggest mGluR5-enhancing drugs may improve sleep stability and sleep spindle density, which could impact memory and cognition.

Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Old Age

2018 ◽  
pp. 303-325
Author(s):  
Garima Srivastava ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
A New Technique

Sleep complaints are prevalent among older adults. Sleep quality and quantity changes with advancing age. There are changes in sleep patterns that are normal with ageing but many changes are the sign of disordered sleep. Sleep can be divided into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM). Each has unique characteristics that are differentiated by their waveforms on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and by other physiological signals; several physiological age-related changes are thought to produce alterations in circadian rhythms. While there are numerous psychological and social factors contributing to quality and quantity of sleep, specific sleep disorders more prevalent in old age are insomnia, sleep apnea, and rapid eye movement disorder. Non-pharmacological treatment is effective in management of sleep disorders. Cognitive behaviour therapy is most effective to tackle insomnia. Cognitive behavior therapy along with meditation is beneficial for other sleep disorders and a new technique is also emerging: mindfulness.

Case Report: Polysomnographic Effects of Thalamotomy for Torsion Dystonia

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Jankel ◽  
Ernst Niedermeyer ◽  
Martin Graf ◽  
Michael J. Kalsher
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Torsion Dystonia ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract We report a patient with torsion dystonia whose polysomnographic recordings revealed poor sleep and a pronounced and almost continuous type of spindle activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Rapid eye movement sleep was also reduced. These changes proved to be independent of medications. After a clinically successful unilateral thalamic operation, a normalization of sleep parameters and a reduction of the high amplitude sleep spindles was observed. implying that the regulation of sleep spindles and the advancement of dystonic symptoms are affected by a common mechanism.

scholarly journals A high-density electroencephalography study reveals abnormal sleep homeostasis in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Valomon ◽  
Brady A. Riedner ◽  
Stephanie G. Jones ◽  
Keith P. Nakamura ◽  
Giulio Tononi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Beta Power

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by disrupting motor enactments during REM sleep, but also cognitive impairments across several domains. In addition to REM sleep abnormalities, we hypothesized that RBD patients may also display EEG abnormalities during NREM sleep. We collected all-night recordings with 256-channel high-density EEG in nine RBD patients, predominantly early-onset medicated individuals, nine sex- and age- matched healthy controls, and nine additional controls with matched medications and comorbidities. Power spectra in delta to gamma frequency bands were compared during both REM and NREM sleep, between phasic and tonic REM sleep, and between the first versus last cycle of NREM sleep. Controls, but not RBD patients, displayed a decrease in beta power during phasic compared to tonic REM sleep. Compared to controls, RBD patients displayed a reduced decline in SWA from early to late NREM sleep. Overnight changes in the distribution of the amplitude of slow waves were also reduced in RBD patients. Without suppression of beta rhythms during phasic REM sleep, RBD patients might demonstrate heightened cortical arousal, favoring the emergence of behavioral episodes. A blunted difference between REM sleep sub-stages may constitute a sensitive biomarker for RBD. Moreover, reduced overnight decline in SWA suggests a reduced capacity for synaptic plasticity in RBD patients, which may favor progression towards neurodegenerative diseases.

Polysomnographic Findings in Nights Preceding a Migraine Attack

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Göder ◽  
G Fritzer ◽  
A Kapsokalyvas ◽  
P Kropp ◽  
U Niederberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Alterations ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Sleep recordings were performed in eight patients to analyse sleep alterations preceding migraine attacks. Polysomnographic recordings from nights before an attack were compared with nights without following migraine. We analysed standard sleep parameters and electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra. The main findings preceding migraine attacks were a significant decrease in the number of arousals, a decrease in rapid eye movement (REM) density, a significant decrease of beta power in the slow wave sleep, and a decrease of alpha power during the first REM period. The results suggest a decrease in cortical activation during sleep preceding migraine attacks. According to the models of sleep regulation, alterations in the function of aminergic or cholinergic brainstem nuclei have to be discussed.

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