scholarly journals Delivery of affordable and scalable encapsulated allogenic/autologous mesenchymal stem cells in coagulated platelet poor plasma for dental pulp regeneration

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Angelopoulos ◽  
Cesar Trigo ◽  
Maria-Ignacia Ortuzar ◽  
Jimena Cuenca ◽  
Claudia Brizuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pulp Regeneration ◽  
Platelet Poor Plasma ◽  
Regenerative Endodontics ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells

AbstractThe main goal of regenerative endodontics procedures (REPs) is to revitalize teeth by the regeneration of healthy dental pulp. In this study, we evaluated the potential of combining a natural and accessible biomaterial based on Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) as a support for dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC). A comparison study between the two cell sources revealed compatibility with the PPP based scaffold with differences noted in the proliferation and angiogenic properties in vitro. Additionally, the release of growth factors including VEGF, HGF and DMP-1, was detected in the media of cultured PPP and was enhanced by the presence of the encapsulated MSCs. Dentin-Discs from human molars were filled with PPP alone or with MSCs and implanted subcutaneously for 4 weeks in mice. Histological analysis of the MSC-PPP implants revealed a newly formed dentin-like structure evidenced by the expression of Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Finally, DPSC induced more vessel formation around the dental discs. This study provides evidence of a cost-effective, xenofree scaffold that is compatible with either autologous or allogenic strategy for dental pulp regeneration. This attempt if successfully implemented, could make REPs treatment widely accessible, contributing in improving global health conditions.

Comparing the osteogenic potential of schneiderian membrane and dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Berbéri ◽  
Joseph Sabbagh ◽  
Rita Bou Assaf ◽  
Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh ◽  
Fatima Al-Nemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Schneiderian Membrane

scholarly journals Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Modeling Genetic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2269
Author(s):  
Keiji Masuda ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
Hiroki Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Sato ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Models Of Disease

A subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells, developmentally derived from multipotent neural crest cells that form multiple facial tissues, resides within the dental pulp of human teeth. These stem cells show high proliferative capacity in vitro and are multipotent, including adipogenic, myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic potential. Teeth containing viable cells are harvested via minimally invasive procedures, based on various clinical diagnoses, but then usually discarded as medical waste, indicating the relatively low ethical considerations to reuse these cells for medical applications. Previous studies have demonstrated that stem cells derived from healthy subjects are an excellent source for cell-based medicine, tissue regeneration, and bioengineering. Furthermore, stem cells donated by patients affected by genetic disorders can serve as in vitro models of disease-specific genetic variants, indicating additional applications of these stem cells with high plasticity. This review discusses the benefits, limitations, and perspectives of patient-derived dental pulp stem cells as alternatives that may complement other excellent, yet incomplete stem cell models, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, together with our recent data.

scholarly journals Characterization of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells from joints with osteochondritis dissecans

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4075-4085
Author(s):  
Shama Rao ◽  
Siddharth Shetty ◽  
Narendra Nitilapura ◽  
Veena Shetty ◽  
Guruprasad Kanive Parashiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Autologous Therapy

Introduction: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a pathologic condition that occurs in children as well as adults. OCD is often managed based on the extent of ischemia and the stage of the disease. Synovial tissue collected during an arthroscopic procedure might serve as an ideal source for autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a potential for regenerative medicine of cartilage. Therefore, the present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the potency characteristics of synovium-derived MSCs (SMSCs) from joints with OCD for prospective autologous therapy. Methods: Primary culture of SMSCs was established and basic cellular properties, such as morphology, growth kinetics and clonal propagation ability, were analyzed. The expression of phenotypic markers, including CD29, CD44, CD90, CD34 and CD45, was assessed by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Mesodermal differentiation into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes was performed using standard protocols. Expression of chondrocyte-specific markers was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Isolated SMSCs displayed fibroblast-like morphology with > 95% cell viability and had high proliferative rates with a shorter doubling time. The cells showed positive expression of CD29, CD44 and CD90, but were negative for CD34 and CD45 markers. Upon induction, SMSCs were successfully differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. Chondrogenesis was more prominent in SMSCs than osteogenesis. Chondrogenesis was further confirmed by the expression of aggrecan and collagen type IIα1 markers. Conclusion: SMSCs showed greater proliferation and an enhanced ability for chondrogenic differentiation. Synovium can be harvested with minimal tissue damage and donor-site morbidity and might serve as an alternative autologous source of MSCs for cartilage-tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Higher Chondrogenic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Compared to Chondrocytes-EVs In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Maryam Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Amir Kamali ◽  
Samaneh Hosseini ◽  
Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Surface Marker ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Surface Marker Expression ◽  
Chondrogenic Potential ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Rabbit Bone

The inability of cartilage to self-repair necessitates an effective therapeutic approach to restore damaged tissues. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attractive options because of their roles in cellular communication and tissue repair where they regulate the cellular processes of proliferation, differentiation, and recruitment. However, it is a challenge to determine the relevant cell sources for isolation of EVs with high chondrogenic potential. The current study aims to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of EVs derived from chondrocytes (Cho-EV) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EV). The EVs were separately isolated from conditioned media of both rabbit bone marrow MSCs and chondrocyte cultures. The isolated vesicles were assessed in terms of size, morphology, and surface marker expression. The chondrogenic potential of MSCs in the presence of different concentrations of EVs (50, 100, and 150 μg/ml) was evaluated during 21 days, and chondrogenic surface marker expressions were checked by qRT-PCR and histologic assays. The extracted vesicles had a spherical morphology and a size of 44.25 ± 8.89  nm for Cho-EVs and 112.1 ± 10.10  nm for MSC-EVs. Both groups expressed the EV-specific surface markers CD9 and CD81. Higher expression of chondrogenic specified markers, especially collagen type II (COL II), and secretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans were observed in MSCs treated with 50 and 100 μg/ml MSC-EVs compared to the Cho-EVs. The results from the use of EVs, particularly MSC-EVs, with high chondrogenic ability will provide a basis for developing therapeutic agents for cartilage repair.

scholarly journals Downregulation of miR-224-5p Promotes Migration and Proliferation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Ke ◽  
Zailing Qiu ◽  
Tingting Xiao ◽  
Jianchai Zeng ◽  
Luning Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pulp Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Endodontics ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirna ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Introduction. Pulp regeneration, as a treatment for pulp necrosis, has significant advantages over root canal therapy for the preservation of living pulp. To date, research on pulp regeneration has mainly focused on the transplantation of pulp stem cells into the root canal, but there is still a lack of research on the migration of pulp cells into the root canal via cell homing. Stem cells from the apical tooth papilla (SCAP) are recognized as multidirectional stem cells, but these cells are difficult to obtain. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play crucial roles in regulating normal and pathologic functions. We hypothesized that some types of microRNAs might improve the migration and proliferation function of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are easily obtained in clinical practice, and as a result, DPSCs might replace SCAP and provide valuable information for regenerative endodontics. Methods. Magnetic activated cell sorting of DPSCs and SCAP was performed. Next-generation sequencing was performed to examine DPSCs and SCAP miRNAs expression and to identify the most significant differentially expressed miRNA. CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to determine the impact of this miRNA on DPSCs proliferation and migration. Results. The most significant differentially expressed miRNA between DPSCs and SCAP was miR-224-5p. Downregulating miR-224-5p promoted DPSCs proliferation and migration; the opposite results were observed when miR-224-5p was upregulated. Conclusion. MiR-224-5p promotes proliferation and migration in DPSCs, a finding that is of great significance for further exploring the role of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative endodontics.

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