scholarly journals Study of heart rate recovery and cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy participants after submaximal exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tábata P. Facioli ◽  
Stella V. Philbois ◽  
Ada C. Gastaldi ◽  
Daniel S. Almeida ◽  
Karina D. Maida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) provide important information on cardiovascular autonomic control. However, little is known about the reorganization of HRV, BPV, and BRS after aerobic exercise. While there is a positive relationship between heart rate (HR) recovery rate and cardiorespiratory fitness, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and reorganization of cardiovascular autonomic modulation during recovery. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether cardiorespiratory fitness influences the cardiovascular autonomic modulation recovery, after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Sixty men were assigned into groups according to their cardiorespiratory fitness: low cardiorespiratory fitness (LCF = VO2: 22–38 mL kg−1 min−1), moderate (MCF = VO2: 38–48 mL kg−1 min−1), and high (HCF = VO2 > 48 mL kg−1 min−1). HRV (linear and non-linear analysis) and BPV (spectral analysis), and BRS (sequence method) were performed before and after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. The groups with higher cardiorespiratory fitness had lower baseline HR values and HR recovery time after the cardiopulmonary exercise test. On comparing rest and recovery periods, the spectral analysis of HRV showed a decrease in low-frequency (LF) oscillations in absolute units and high frequency (HF) in absolute and normalized units. It also showed increases in LF oscillations of blood pressure. Nonlinear analysis showed a reduction in approximate entropy (ApEn) and in Poincare Plot parameters (SD1 and SD2), accompanied by increases in detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) parameters α1 and α2. However, we did not find differences in cardiovascular autonomic modulation parameters and BRS in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness neither before nor after the cardiopulmonary test. We concluded that cardiorespiratory fitness does not affect cardiovascular autonomic modulations after cardiopulmonary exercise test, unlike HR recovery.

Cardiac autonomic response during recovery using whole-body vibration after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (Respuesta cardiaca autónoma durante la recuperación utilizando vibración de cuerpo completo, después de una prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmo

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Jorge Olivares Arancibia ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Felipe Porras-López ◽  
Inti Federeci-Díaz ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise

  In the last years the nervous and cardiovascular response to exercise has taken on an important relevance, both in sport and health field. In this line, accelerating cardiovascular appears to play a key role in various sports fields. The study aims to examine and compare the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on cardiac autonomic response after maximal exercise in university runners and physical education student. Twenty men participated in a cross-over study, 10 university runners team (UR) and 10 physical education student (PES) with ages around 18 to 24 years. In each condition, was perform an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test followed (i) active recovery time using WBV (25 Hz and peak displacement of four mm) and (ii) passive recovery period (no WBV; 0 Hz—0 mm), separated by seven days. Active recovery consisted in one minute seated using WBV and one minute no WBV by six times (12 minutes) more five minutes of passive recovery, and passive recovery consisted in 17 min seated on platform without vibration. Active recovery had significant differences compare to passive recovery (P<0.05). Furthermore, in active recovery, PES had better heart rate response than UR group, however results were not significative. There was not a clear relation between the lineal components of heart rate variability (HRV) in our results. WBV has positive effect in participant’s recovery, however, is necessary establish protocols about the intensities and time adequate for allow accelerate recovery the parasympathetic reactivity, for that reason yet can’t conclude clearly respect to the more effectivity intensity WBV depending to characteristic of subject.  Resumen. En los últimos años la respuesta nerviosa y cardiovascular al ejercicio ha adquirido una relevancia importante, tanto en el ámbito del deporte como de la salud. Por tanto, la aceleración de la recuperación cardiovascular parece desempeñar un papel clave en varios campos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar y comparar el efecto agudo de la vibración de cuerpo completo (VCC), en la respuesta cardíaca autónoma después del ejercicio máximo en corredores universitarios (CU) y estudiantes de educación física (EEF). Veinte hombres participaron en un estudio cruzado, 10 CU y 10 EEF con edades entre 18 y 24 años. En cada evaluación, se realizó una prueba cardiopulmonar incremental seguida de (i) tiempo de recuperación activa usando VCC (25 Hz y desplazamiento máx. de cuatro mm) y (ii) período de recuperación pasiva (sin VCC; 0 Hz — 0 mm), separados por siete días. La recuperación activa consistió en un minuto sentado usando WBV y un minuto sin WBV seis veces (12 min), más cinco minutos de recuperación pasiva; la recuperación pasiva y esta consistió en 17 minutos sentado en plataforma sin vibración. La recuperación activa tuvo diferencias significativas en comparación con recuperación pasiva (p <0.05). Además, en recuperación activa, EEF tuvo una mejor respuesta de frecuencia cardíaca que el grupo CU, sin embargo, los resultados no fueron significativos. Por último, no se logró establecer una relación clara entre los componentes lineales de la variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco (VRC) en nuestros resultados. La VCC tiene un efecto positivo en la recuperación de los sujetos, sin embargo, es necesario establecer protocolos sobre las intensidades y tiempo adecuado para permitir acelerar la recuperación de la reactividad parasimpática, por esa razón aún no se puede concluir claramente respecto al mejor protocolo VVC dependiendo de la característica del sujeto.

scholarly journals Prognostic power of anaerobic threshold parameters in patients with transposition of the great arteries and systemic right ventricle

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451
Author(s):  
António V. Gonçalves ◽  
Tânia Mano ◽  
Ana Agapito ◽  
Sílvia A. Rosa ◽  
Lídia de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Test Parameters

AbstractIntroduction:Both transposition of the great arteries (TGA) previously submitted to a Senning/Mustard procedure and congenitally corrected TGA (cc-TGA) have the systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle, thereby rendering these patients to heart failure events risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters for stratifying the risk of heart failure events in TGA patients.Methods:Retrospective evaluation of adult TGA patients with systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle submitted to cardiopulmonary exercise test in a tertiary centre. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year for the primary endpoint of cardiac death or heart failure hospitalisation. Several cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters were analysed as potential predictors of the combined endpoint and their predictive power were compared (area under the curve).Results:Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed in 44 TGA patients (8 cc-TGA), with a mean age of 35.1 ± 8.4 years. The primary endpoint was reached by 10 (22.7%) patients, with a mean follow-up of 36.7 ± 26.8 months. Heart rate at anaerobic threshold had the highest area under the curve value (0.864), followed by peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) (0.838). Heart rate at anaerobic threshold ≤95 bpm and pVO2 ≤20 ml/kg/min had a sensitivity of 87.5 and 80.0% and a specificity of 82.4 and 76.5%, respectively, for the primary outcome.Conclusion:Heart rate at anaerobic threshold ≤95 bpm had the highest predictive power of all cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters analysed for heart failure events in TGA patients with systemic circulation supported by the morphological right ventricle.

scholarly journals Maximal and Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Responses to a Novel Graded Karate Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 310-316
Author(s):  
Matheus Hausen ◽  
Raul Freire ◽  
Andréa B. Machado ◽  
Glauber R. Pereira ◽  
Grégoire P. Millet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽  
Karate Athletes

The present study aimed to propose and assess the physiological responses of a novel graded karate test. Ten male national-level karate athletes (age 26 ± 5 yrs; body mass 69.5 ± 11.6 kg; height 1.70 ± 0.09 m) performed two exercise tests (separated by 2-7 days): 1) a running-based cardiopulmonary exercise test; 2) a graded karate test. The cardiopulmonary exercise test was comprised of an individualized ramp protocol for treadmill running, and the graded karate test was comprised of a sequence of ‘kisami-gyaku-zuki” punching at a fixed frequency of a stationary target that becomes progressively distant. Cardiorespiratory responses, blood lactate concentration, and perceived exertion were measured. A verification phase was also performed in both tests to confirm the maximal physiological outcomes. The graded karate test evoked similar maximal responses to the running protocol: V̇O2 (57.4 ± 5.1 vs 58.3 ± 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.53), heart rate (192 ± 6 vs 193 ± 10]beats.min-1; p = 0.62) and blood lactate (14.6 ± 3.4 vs 13.1 ± 3.0 mmol·L-1; p = 0.14) with a shorter duration (351 ± 71 vs 640 ± 9 s; p < 0.001). Additionally, the graded karate test evoked higher V̇O2 (72.6 ± 6.5 vs 64.4 ± 4.3 %V̇O2MAX; p = 0.005) and heart rate (89.4 ± 4.6 vs 77.3 ± 7.2 %HRMAX p < 0.001) at the ventilatory threshold and a higher heart rate (97.0 ± 2.4 vs 92.9 ± 2.2 %HRMAX; p = 0.02) at the respiratory compensation point. Incremental and verification phases evoked similar responses in V̇O2 and minute-ventilation during both tests. This novel displacement-based sport-specific test evoked similar maximal and higher submaximal responses, indicating a superior pathway to assess karate athletes.

Abstract P287: Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated With Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adolescents

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunduck Park ◽  
Devin Volding ◽  
Wendell Taylor ◽  
Wenyaw Chan ◽  
Janet Meininger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Increase

Introduction: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and high levels of adiposity are independently associated with higher levels of blood pressure in adolescents. However, it remains uncertain whether the associations between fitness and blood pressure are due to fitness itself or results from lower levels of adiposity. Moreover, there are no studies that have determined the extent to which adiposity, including central adiposity, moderates the association between fitness and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Hypotheses: 1. Higher levels of fitness will be associated with lower levels of ambulatory systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure after adjusting for adiposity and covariates. 2. With adjustments for covariates, adiposity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC]) will modify the association between fitness and 24-hour SBP and DBP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Houston, TX with a sample of 370 adolescents aged 11-16 years. Demographically, the sample was 54% female, 37% African American, 31% Hispanic, 29% non-Hispanic white, and 3% other ethnic/racial groups. Fitness was assessed by a height-adjusted step test and estimated by heart rate recovery, defined as the difference between peak heart rate during exercise and heart rate two minutes post-exercise. Adiposity was measured using dichotomized values for percentiles of BMI (≥ 85 th ) and WC (≥ 50 th ). Ambulatory SBP and DBP (Spacelabs model 90207) were measured every 30-60 minutes over 24 hours on a school day. Mixed-effects regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses with the following covariates: activity, location, and position at the time of each ABP measurement, height, age, sex, ethnicity, sexual maturation level, and mother’s education level. Results: Hypothesis 1: Each unit increase in fitness was associated with a decrease of SBP (-0.058 mmHg, p = 0.001) and DBP (-0.043 mmHg, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for WC and covariates. Each unit increase in fitness was associated with a decrease in SBP (-0.058 mmHg, p = 0.001) and DBP (-0.045 mmHg, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for BMI and covariates. Hypothesis 2: Fitness and BMI ≥ 85 th percentile (or WC ≥ 50 th percentile) interactions were not significantly associated with ambulatory SBP or DBP after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a small but statistically significant inverse effect of fitness on 24-hour ABP in adolescents, and no evidence of a modifying effect of adiposity on this association. Further research is needed to better understand the protective role of fitness on cardiovascular health in adolescents.

Sportspecific performance diagnosis in ski mountaineering — comparison of a sportspecific cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill versus outdoors and at altitude, a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Isabelle Schöffl ◽  
Bernhard Bliemsrieder ◽  
Thomas Küpper ◽  
Volker Schöffl
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
National Team ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Performance Diagnosis ◽  
Training Control

Background: Ski mountaineering is a competitive sport that has gained popularity during the last years. As most competitions are held in altitudes between 1500 m and 3500 m, a considerable amount of training occurs at various hypobaric hypoxia degrees. It was establishing a sport-specific cardiopulmonary exercise protocol using standard ski mountaineering equipment on a treadmill. This study investigated altitude’s effects on a self-regulated incremental exercise field test at 3100 m with this protocol. Methods: Six athletes were tested (24.2 ± 4.2 years) from the German Ski Mountaineering National Team with a portable telemetric cardiopulmonary exercise test equipment. First, an incremental indoor step test with skis on a treadmill (altitude 310 m) and four days later outdoor on glacier snow (3085 m) after three days of acclimatization. All athletes were exposed to repetitive intermittent hypoxia during the weeks before the test. Standard cardiopulmonary exercise parameters were recorded while individual training zones were defined according to ventilatory thresholds. Results: In highly trained athletes, mean V̇ O2peak (72/ml kg KG/min) was reduced by 25% or 9% per 1000 m altitude gain and by 18% and 23% at the first and second ventilatory thresholds, respectively. Mean maximum heart rate and the heart rate at the ventilatory thresholds were reduced at altitude compared to sea-level, as was the O2 pulse. Conclusion: Due to distinctive individual reactions to hypoxia, cold, etc., an individual and sport-specific field performance analysis, representing the daily training environment, is highly useful in world-class athletes for precise training control. Our self-regulated cardiopulmonary field protocol could well prove to serve in such a way.

Exercise prescription

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
William J.M. Kinnear ◽  
James H. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
The Subject

This chapter outlines the health benefits of exercise. A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) can reassure the subject that exercise is safe for them. Exercise can be prescribed using heart rate zones derived from the CPET. Exercise should be taken for at least 30 minutes each day, or more intense exercise for 20 minutes three times per week. A common daily target for steps is 10,000.

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