Changes in The Number of Mold and Acceptance Rate of Kappaphycus alvarezii Jelly Candy Packed with Edible Film Gelatin-CMC During Storage

This study aimed to analyze changes in the number of molds and the level of panelist acceptance of K. alvarezii jelly candy packaged using gelatin-CMC edible film during storage. The method used in this study is a laboratory experimental method which consists of two stages, namely preliminary research which aims to determine the best edible film formula to be used as jelly candy packaging and the main research to analyze changes in the number of molds and the level of acceptance of appearance, taste, aroma and texture of jelly candy that has been packaged using a gelatin-CMC edible film during storage. Storage for 60 days was converted to 15 days in a climatic chamber with a temperature of 40 ℃ and a humidity of 75%. Sampling was carried out every 3 days. The research design used linear regression to see the relationship between storage time and test parameters. The results of the preliminary study showed the best formula for edible film, namely 1% gelatin, 0.3% bees wax, 0.75% CMC, and 0.3% glycerol which resulted in a water vapor transmission rate of 18.60 g/m2/24 hours. The results of the main study showed that storage time had a moderate effect on mold. Mold was detected on the last day of observation, storage time had a very strong effect on the level of acceptance which decreased with storage time. The organoleptic value of jelly candy packaged using gelatin-CMC edible film was still acceptable to the panelists until the 36th day of storage.

Correlation between concrete strength properties and surface electrical resistivity

abstract: Periodic inspections in reinforced concrete structures are important to be carried out to assess their state of conservation. In this scenario, non-destructive tests can be a suitable option since destructive tests are invasive and may be difficult to be performed in some cases. Considering this option, correlations between non-destructive test parameters and the concrete properties to be analyzed are useful tools that make easier the structure inspection. In the present work, correlations between the compressive strength (fc) and splitting tensile strength (ft) and surface electrical resistivity (ρ) of concretes were studied. Brazilian concretes of six different mixtures were analyzed at five different ages and correlation curves between strength properties and surface electrical resistivity of concrete were obtained, which are represented by the general relationships fc= 14.18·ln(ρ) + 18.43 and ft = 0.69·ln(ρ) + 2.15 for compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, respectively. In addition, a general curve considering literature data and results from this work was proposed to represent the relationship between compressive strength and surface electrical resistivity - fc = 11.89·ln(ρ) + 18.90.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK KASAR BUAH PALA MYRISTICA ARGENTEA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN KOI CYPRINUS CAPRIO

Ikan koi di Indonesia merupakan ikan hias favorit dan banyak digemari masyarakat luas karena tubuhnya yang mempesona dan harganya relatif tidak terlalu mahal. Ikan koi sekarang ini masih menjadi salah satu komoditas perdagangan yang cukup baik dalam bidang perikanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Ekstrak Kasar Buah Pala Myristica Argentea Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Koi Cyprinus Caprio. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) ,dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (Dosis 5% ekstrak kasar buah pala), perlakuan B (Dosis 10% ekstrak kasar buah pala), perlakuan C (Dosis 15% ekstrak kasar buah pala) dan perlakuan D ( Dosis 0 % ekstrak kasar buah pala). Parameter uji berupa lajui pertumhuhan bobot dan pertumbuhan panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Kasar Daging Buah Pala myristica argentea memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan ikan ko setelah diberikan perlakuan.. Dosis yang baik untuk pertumbuhan berat dan panjang ikan koi ialah dosis 10% - 5%. Koi fish in Indonesia is a favorite ornamental fish and much-loved by the wider community because of its charming body and relatively inexpensive price. Koi fish is still one of the trade commodities that is quite good in the field of fisheries. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effect of Crude Extract of Nutmeg Myristica Argentea on the Growth of Cyprinus Caprio Koi Fish. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and three replications, namely treatment A (5% dose of nutmeg crude extract), treatment B (10% dose of nutmeg crude extract), treatment C (15% dose of nutmeg extract). crude nutmeg) and treatment D (Dose of 0% crude extract of nutmeg). Test parameters in the form of weight growth rate and length growth. The results showed that the crude extract of the Nutmeg myristica argentea had a good effect on the growth of koi fish after being given treatment. A good dose for the growth of weight and length of koi fish is a dose of 10% - 5%

Shellac dan Gelatin untuk Konsolidasi Artefak Kayu

Wood is a hygroscopic organic material, prone to damage and weathering, especially by humidity. The moisture in the wood will trigger biotic activities such as fungus, which can decompose of wood materials, that is, cellulose. Moreover, wood is susceptible to insect attacks such as termites. This condition will cause the wood to become brittle so that the strength of the wood will decrease. To strengthen brittle wood, consolidation treatments are needed. Material for wood consolidation that has been used is Paraloid B72 with acetone solvent, which is not easy to find everywhere Materials tested for wood artifacts consolidations were shellac and gelatin with a concentration of 5%, 7,5%, and 10%. As a comparison, the material used for wood consolidation is Paraloid B72 10%. Test parameters used include SEM test, density test, compressive strength test, color change test, fungal growth observation, and FTIR test. Test results have shown that shellac 7,5% and 10% can be an alternative to Paraloid B72 as a wood artifacts consolidation material. Shellac 7,5% is the optimum concentration for wood artifacts consolidation because materials will be more efficient. This material can fill the wood pores and increase the density by 13,89%. The resulting compressive strength value reached 248,01 kg/cm2 or increased by 43,18%, higher than Paraloid B72 10%. Shellac 7,5% does not change the color of the wood and safe from fungal growth when applied to wood. This material also does not change the chemical composition of wood. Keywords: wood, artifact, consolidation, shellac, gelatin, Paraloid B72

A GEOMETRICAL SURFACE TEXTURE STUDY OF CYCLOID DRIVE DISCS AFTER BENCH TESTS

The article presents the results of a geometrical surface texture study of cycloid drive discs after bench tests. For this purpose, the working surfaces, such as peak and valley areas of the epicycloid and the holes inner surfaces of both discs, were investigated using contact profilometry. From each surface, a transverse profiles were extracted, before and after 50 cycles of bench test. The discs and the profiles were examined for signs of wear and roughness changes. For each profile, the Ra and Rz roughness parameters were determined. On the base of the obtained profiles and the values of roughness parameters, it can be stated that the assumed test parameters provide stable working conditions, with an uninterrupted lubrication film, which results in practically negligible and unmeasurable wear. Taking into account the operating specification of a helicopter winch as an example of potential application of the presented cycloidal drive, the developed solution fulfils the requirements concerning wear resistance.

Antioxidant Activity of Uli Banana Peel Extract (Musa x Paradisiaca L. AAB)

Banana plants are native to Indonesia wich are easy to find and have various benefits ranging from roots, stems, fruits until peel. Uli banana (Musa x Paradisiaca L. AAB) is one kind of processed banana that is easy to find. The study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of banana peel extract of uli (Musa x Paradisiaca L. AAB) wich was carried out by maceration using n-hexane and ethanol solvents then fractionated with ethyl acetate and distilled water. Phytochemical screening showed that the uli banana peel extract contained flavonoids and tannins. Antioxidant activity was measured by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry with the DPPH (2-2, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) test parameters. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of IC50 was 114.86 µg/ml which was classified as moderate antioxidant intensity.

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Batik Banten secara Koagulasi Menggunakan Tawas dan Adsorpsi dengan Memanfaatkan Zeolit Alam Bayah

The batik industry produces liquid waste from the coloring, washing and rinsing processes. This study was aimed to analyze the quality of Banten batik effluent before and after treatment. The processing is carried out using an experimental method with a batch system by coagulation using alum and adsorption using Bayah's natural zeolite by performing 3 variations of coagulant mass and adsorbent for the dye test parameters, TDS and TSS. The results of the test before treatment were the results for dyes of 344 TCU, TDS 620 mg/L, and TSS 218.5 mg/L. Based on the coagulation treatment using alum, the most efficient coagulant results were obtained to reduce the levels of dyestuffs and TDS, namely by using alum coagulant as much as 1500 mg/L which resulted in 96.6 TCU and 330.0 mg/L respectively, then to reduce TSS levels obtained an efficient coagulant that is 500 mg/L with a yield of 10 mg/L. The adsorption treatment using Bayah natural zeolite can reduce the levels of TDS and TSS with the most efficient results using an adsorbent of 150 g/L obtained for TDS 189.3 mg/L and TSS 13.3 mg/L. So based on the results of processing using coagulation and adsorption methods, it is hoped that the batik industry can apply it in processing the liquid waste produced.

Formulasi Sabun Cair Dengan Kombinasi Minyak Kelapa Murni (VCO) dan Ekstrak Daun Miana (Coleus atropurpureus)

Saponification between alkaline salt and virgin coconut oil (VCO) will produce liquid soap. This is because the use of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in saponification is known to be very good because of the presence of lauric acid which has clean power and functions as an antimicrobial. The addition of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) in the manufacture of liquid soap because it contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, essential oils which also function as moisturizers and antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the best combination of pure coconut oil (VCO) liquid soap with variations in the concentration of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) in reducing free radicals in the form of bacteria. In this study, a laboratory experimental method was used with the addition of miana leaf extract. A= 0% (w/w), B= 10% (w/w), C= 15% (w/w),) in 100 mL total virgin coconut oil (VCO) three times. The test parameters were in the form of a bacteriological test using the Total Plate Number (ALT) method. From the results of the study, it was found that the formulation of pure coconut oil (VCO) liquid soap with various concentrations of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) could reduce free radicals such as bacteria.

Study of the effect of test parameters on the assessment of steel resistance to carbon dioxide corrosion

Carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion is one of the most dangerous types of destruction of metal products in the oil and gas industry. The field steel pipelines and tubing run the highest risk. Laboratory tests are carried out to assess the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion. However, unified requirements for certain test parameters are currently absent in the regulatory documentation. We present the results of studying the effect of the parameters of laboratory tests on the assessment of the resistance of steels to CO2 corrosion. It is shown that change in the parameters of CO2 concentration, chemical composition of the water/brine system, the buffer properties and pH, the roughness of the sample surface, etc., even in the framework of the same laboratory technique, can lead in different test results. The main contribution to the repeatability and reproducibility of test results is made by the concentration of CO2, pH of the water/brine system, and surface roughness of the samples. The results obtained can be used in developing recommendations for the choice of test parameters to ensure a satisfactory convergence of the results gained in different laboratories, as well as in elaborating of a unified method for assessing the resistance of steels to carbon dioxide corrosion.

Pengaruh Penyimpanan Beku terhadap Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisik Caulerpa racemosa, Drip, dan Filtratnya

Caulerpa racemosa merupakan rumput laut hijau dengan kandungan air yang tinggi sehingga mudah mengalami kerusakan. Penyimpanan dalam suhu beku merupakan salah satu cara untuk memperpanjang masa simpan suatu produk. Namun, pembekuan produk juga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai perubahan yang tidak dikehendaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penyimpanan pada suhu beku terhadap karakteristik kimia dan fisik C. racemosa, drip, dan filtrat yang dihasilkan. Sampel berupa C. rasemosa disimpan dalam ruangan penyimpan beku (cold storage) dan diamati setiap minggunya hingga minggu ke-4. Parameter uji yang diamati meliputi rendemen, komposisi proksimat, kadar garam, uji warna (L*, a*, b*), dan viskositas, masing-masing pada C. racemosa yang ditiriskan, drip, dan filtrat C. racemosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan beku C. racemosa dapat mengurangi berat pada sampel akhir karena sebagian besar drip keluar setelah pelelehan/thawing, yaitu sekitar 77,88-84,81%. Karakteristik fisik maupun kimia C. racemosa yang disimpan selama 1 hingga 4 minggu tidak berbeda nyata antar waktu penyimpanan, namun berbeda nyata pada C. racemosa tanpa disimpan beku, yaitu pada kadar air, abu, dan garam.ABSTRACTCaulerpa racemosa is a green seaweed that has a high moisture content, so it is easily damaged. Frozen storage is one way to extend the shelf life of a product. However, freezing the product can cause various undesirable changes to occur. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of storage at freezing temperature on the chemical and physical characteristics of C. racemosa, drip, and the resulting filtrate. C. racemosa samples were stored in cold storage and observed every week until the 4th week. The test parameters observed were yield, proximate composition, salt content, color (L*, a*, b*), and viscosity on drained C. racemosa, drip, and C. racemosa filtrate. The results showed that frozen storage of C. racemosa could cause weight loss in the final sample because most of the drip came out after thawing, which was around 77.88 - 84.81%. Physical and chemical characteristics of C. racemosa stored for 1 to 4 weeks were not significantly different from unfrozen C. racemosa, i.e. water, ash, and salt content.