Training On the Use of Google Form for Learning Assessment in Elementary School During the Covid 19 Pandemic

The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has made the learning process that was originally face-to-face to online distance learning. One aspect that is still not optimal is in the assessment of learning. There are many applications that can be used by teachers in the implementation of online learning assessments. One of the online assessments that is often used is google form. This google form platform has been widely used for online assessments such as for blinding evaluation exercises, evaluating lecturers' performance and for alternative learning evaluations. The method implemented in this training is training through the zoom meeting application and also assignments. This training is aimed at elementary school teachers. The number of participants for this training is 10 elementary school teachers from Sumedang, Bandung, Cimahi, and West Bandung areas. This training consists of three stages, namely training preparation, training implementation, and post-training control. In general, the results of the training are in accordance with the tutorials given during the training, starting from the identity page, entering questions, entering answer keys and scoring. Based on the results of the questionnaire given after the training, 95% of the respondents received a positive response. The participants responded that the training carried out was very useful and relevant to the needs of the online learning period.

Individualisation, readjustment and athlete codetermination of high-performance training in athletics and volleyball

The study investigated the extent of individualisation, readjustment and athlete codetermination of high-performance training. Individualisation refers to the extent to which the training design is tailored to an athlete's individual wishes, interests, strengths, and weaknesses. Readjustment refers to the adjustment of day-to-day training to an athlete's current physical, health-related and psychological constitution. Athlete codetermination refers to an athlete's involvement in decision-making on the training design. German national-squad members in athletics and volleyball ( n = 336) reported these variables in an online questionnaire. Analyses revealed four central findings: (1) Large parts of athletes’ training were characterised by high degrees of individualisation, readjustment and athlete codetermination. (2) These characteristics were more pronounced in athletics than in volleyball. (3) They explained large parts of the appropriateness of athletes’ training (whether the training was ‘just right’ for an athlete's performance development). Consistently, greater extents of individualisation, readjustment and athlete codetermination of training control were associated with better multi-year performance development. (4) Participation in performance analytics had no additional, specific effect on training appropriateness. All the results consistently applied to both youth age and adult age. In conclusion, greater extents of individualisation, readjustment and athlete codetermination of the training design apparently facilitate long-term training efficiency.

Elements of number theory as a mathematical basis for solving problems for processing integer numbers information

The article describes the methodology for preparing schoolchildren to solve problems for processing integer numbers information, where the use of a brute force algorithm is not rational. The statements of number theory necessary to solve the problems of fnding numbers with a given number of divisors of a certain form are formulated; their evidence is given. A set of exercises is presented that promotes the independent "discovery" of the listed statements by schoolchildren and the formation of a skill to identify the structure of a number with given properties. At the end of the article, algorithms and programs are presented to solve problem No. 25, presented in the training control and measuring materials of the Unifed State Exam in informatics in the 2020/2021 academic year. The exercise sets described in the article can be useful to both informatics teachers and schoolchildren preparing for the Unifed State Exam in informatics.

Sportspecific performance diagnosis in ski mountaineering — comparison of a sportspecific cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill versus outdoors and at altitude, a pilot study

Background: Ski mountaineering is a competitive sport that has gained popularity during the last years. As most competitions are held in altitudes between 1500 m and 3500 m, a considerable amount of training occurs at various hypobaric hypoxia degrees. It was establishing a sport-specific cardiopulmonary exercise protocol using standard ski mountaineering equipment on a treadmill. This study investigated altitude’s effects on a self-regulated incremental exercise field test at 3100 m with this protocol. Methods: Six athletes were tested (24.2 ± 4.2 years) from the German Ski Mountaineering National Team with a portable telemetric cardiopulmonary exercise test equipment. First, an incremental indoor step test with skis on a treadmill (altitude 310 m) and four days later outdoor on glacier snow (3085 m) after three days of acclimatization. All athletes were exposed to repetitive intermittent hypoxia during the weeks before the test. Standard cardiopulmonary exercise parameters were recorded while individual training zones were defined according to ventilatory thresholds. Results: In highly trained athletes, mean V̇ O2peak (72/ml kg KG/min) was reduced by 25% or 9% per 1000 m altitude gain and by 18% and 23% at the first and second ventilatory thresholds, respectively. Mean maximum heart rate and the heart rate at the ventilatory thresholds were reduced at altitude compared to sea-level, as was the O2 pulse. Conclusion: Due to distinctive individual reactions to hypoxia, cold, etc., an individual and sport-specific field performance analysis, representing the daily training environment, is highly useful in world-class athletes for precise training control. Our self-regulated cardiopulmonary field protocol could well prove to serve in such a way.

Development of an Integrated Complex of Knowledge Base and Tools of Expert Systems for Assessing Knowledge of Students in Mathematics within the Framework of a Hybrid Intelligent Learning Environment

The paper is devoted to the development of instrumental and methodological support for the assessment of students' knowledge in mathematics in the framework of a hybrid intellectual learning environment. According to the structural scheme of the model of intellectual assessment of knowledge and creative potential of students in mathematics, the structure of the corresponding knowledge base is formalized. Knowledge base within the framework of data mining methods to create a module for monitoring and evaluating knowledge in mathematics has been developed. To model the educational process the authors propose methods for solving clustering, dimensionality reduction, and classification problems based on machine learning and artificial neural networks. The basics for the development of integrated knowledge base complexes and artificial intelligence tools for the educational process are presented. The obtained results are aimed at creating methods which ensure the processes of operational training, control and evaluation of knowledge.

Design and Passive Training Control of Elbow Rehabilitation Robot

In this paper, a rehabilitation robot driven by multifilament muscles is designed based on the rehabilitation robot motion model and a system elbow joint model. The passive training mode of rehabilitation robots were researched, and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) leveraged to improve the tracking angle of robot joints. In the no-load motion simulation of rehabilitation robots, disturbances are added to the control variables to complete the ADRC and Proportional Integral Differential (PID) position control simulation. The simulation results indicate that the auto disturbance rejection control can quickly keep up the expected signal without overshoot, solve the contradiction between the system rapidity and overshoot. Moreover, it can better suppress the interference even if the external load changes. The upper limbs of the human body are used as the load on the robot body to complete the simulation of ADRC and PID position control objects of different weights. Finally, a passive rehabilitation training experiment was conducted to verify the safety of the rehabilitation robot, the rationality, comfort, and robustness of the mechanism design, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the ADRC.

Basic methodical provisions for swimming training of students higher education institutions

Analysis of data on swimming training and determination of system components allow to assert the need to do appropriate methodical support. Purpose: to generalize the content of the basic methodical provisions of swimming training for integration into the education system of students higher education institutions. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization, study of documentary materials, system analysis. Results. It is recommended to division of classes into the following types: training, training-game, game, individual training, control, mass bathing. This step is done for providing methodically correct swimming training. Significant experience in the implementation of swimming training tasks for different groups of population is defined by the availability of thorough information of educational and methodical nature. The issue of swimming training as an integral part of personal development has received considerable attention since the middle of the twentieth century. In the sequence of training, in addition of stages, it is necessary to provide the degree of assimilation educational material. In general, we can offer a scheme in the form of "new element - development - consolidation - control - a new element." In the educational process, it is recommended to form at students a sufficient arsenal of specific swimming actions. There was identified need to combine technical exercises into complexes defined by target installations. Changing the speed of movement, tempo-rhythmic execution of movements (in full coordination or different biolanks) are regulators for observance of methodical tasks. Conclusions. The generalization of scientific and methodical literature gives us reason to assert the existence of an extremely large number of information sources on swimming training for different groups of the population. In order to avoid duplication of fundamental approaches to swimming training and adhering to the paradigm of this process in the methodical component should focus on the content of successive tasks of different individual and motivational levels of the swimming training system for students. To swimming training of student youth and maintain content priorities, it is necessary to focus on achieving a certain level of skill in accordance with the goals of a certain individual and motivational level of classes. The basic prerequisites are the laying the broad technical base, which provides mastering and improvement different ways of swimming techniques and gradual increase of physical fitness and improvement of the physical qualities development.

Differences between adjusted vs. non-adjusted loads in velocity-based training: consequences for strength training control and programming

Strength and conditioning specialists commonly deal with the quantification and selection the setting of protocols regarding resistance training intensities. Although the one repetition maximum (1RM) method has been widely used to prescribe exercise intensity, the velocity-based training (VBT) method may enable a more optimal tool for better monitoring and planning of resistance training (RT) programs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two RT programs only differing in the training load prescription strategy (adjusting or not daily via VBT) with loads from 50 to 80% 1RM on 1RM, countermovement (CMJ) and sprint. Twenty-four male students with previous experience in RT were randomly assigned to two groups: adjusted loads (AL) (n = 13) and non-adjusted loads (NAL) (n = 11) and carried out an 8-week (16 sessions) RT program. The performance assessment pre- and post-training program included estimated 1RM and full load-velocity profile in the squat exercise; countermovement jump (CMJ); and 20-m sprint (T20). Relative intensity (RI) and mean propulsive velocity attained during each training session (Vsession) was monitored. Subjects in the NAL group trained at a significantly faster Vsession than those in AL (p < 0.001) (0.88–0.91 vs. 0.67–0.68 m/s, with a ∼15% RM gap between groups for the last sessions), and did not achieve the maximum programmed intensity (80% RM). Significant differences were detected in sessions 3–4, showing differences between programmed and performed Vsession and lower RI and velocity loss (VL) for the NAL compared to the AL group (p < 0.05). Although both groups improved 1RM, CMJ and T20, NAL experienced greater and significant changes than AL (28.90 vs.12.70%, 16.10 vs. 7.90% and −1.99 vs. −0.95%, respectively). Load adjustment based on movement velocity is a useful way to control for highly individualised responses to training and improve the implementation of RT programs.

Using mobile applications as one of the means of a healthy lifestyle

The article systematizes data on the use of the most popular mobile applications designed to increase the level of motivation of student youth. We analyzed Internet resources in order to analyze the features and benefits of free and paid mobile applications that are available for gadgets on the operating system iOS and Android. We conducted a questionnaire which aimed to determine the motives for the use of modern mobile applications by students of different ages. Thus, the use of mobile gadgets and applications to them increases the motivation to exercise, stimulates young people's interest in their own health. All applications are aimed at leading a healthy lifestyle, improving health, improving physical fitness and increasing motivation to exercise. Most young people use mobile applications in the following areas: general physical training; walking, running; strength training; control of physical fitness; proper nutrition; water balance. Among the motives of young people for the use of mobile applications in the process of physical culture and health classes are identified: figure correction, lack of time to visit the gym. Mobile applications help to adhere to the schedule, plan and mode of training, diversify daily activities and help control water balance and product selection.