scholarly journals RNA interference of an orthologue of Dicer of Meloidogyne incognita alludes to the gene’s importance in nematode development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Iqbal ◽  
Michael G. K. Jones ◽  
John Fosu-Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Rnai Effect ◽  
Nematode Development

AbstractDicers and dicer-like enzymes play an essential role in small RNA processing in eukaryotes. Nematodes are thought to encode one dicer, DCR-1; only that for Caenorhabditis spp. is well-characterised. Using genomic sequences of eight root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), we identified putative coding sequences typical of eukaryotic DICERS. We noted that the primary and secondary structures of DICERS they encode were different for different Meloidogyne species and even for isolates of the same species, suggesting paralogy for the gene. One of the genes for M. incognita (Midcr-1.1) expressed in eggs, juvenile stage 2 and adults, with the highest expression in the adult females. All the Meloidogyne DICERS had seven major domains typical of those for Caenorhabditis spp. and humans with very similar protein folding. RNAi of Midcr-1.1 in J2s using seven dsRNAs, each based on sequences encoding the domains, induced mild paralysis but measurable knockdown was detected in J2s treated with five of the dsRNAs. For four of the dsRNAs, the RNAi effect lasted and reduced the nematode’s infectivity. Also, host plant delivery of dsRNAs complementary to coding sequences of the Dicer Dimerisation domain impaired development, reducing nematode infection by 71%. These results confirm the importance of the gene to nematode health.

scholarly journals FOXO regulates RNA interference in Drosophila and protects from RNA virus infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (47) ◽  
pp. 14587-14592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Spellberg ◽  
Michael T. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Metabolic Conditions

Small RNA pathways are important players in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. These pathways play important roles in all aspects of cellular physiology from development to fertility to innate immunity. However, almost nothing is known about the regulation of the central genes in these pathways. The forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors is a conserved family of DNA-binding proteins that responds to a diverse set of cellular signals. FOXOs are crucial regulators of cellular homeostasis that have a conserved role in modulating organismal aging and fitness. Here, we show that Drosophila FOXO (dFOXO) regulates the expression of core small RNA pathway genes. In addition, we find increased dFOXO activity results in an increase in RNA interference (RNAi) efficacy, establishing a direct link between cellular physiology and RNAi. Consistent with these findings, dFOXO activity is stimulated by viral infection and is required for effective innate immune response to RNA virus infection. Our study reveals an unanticipated connection among dFOXO, stress responses, and the efficacy of small RNA-mediated gene silencing and suggests that organisms can tune their gene silencing in response to environmental and metabolic conditions.

scholarly journals RNA interference: It's a small RNA world

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. R772-R775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G Moss
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Rna World

Comparative genomic analysis of non-coding sequences and the application of RNA interference tools for bovine functional genomics

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Lew ◽  
L. A. Jackson ◽  
M. I. Bellgard
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Mrna Targets ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Immune Pathways

Non-coding (nc) RNAs are important regulators of developmental genes, and essential for the modification of cellular DNA and chromatin through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The mediators of RNAi can be in the form of short double stranded (ds) RNAs, micro (mi) RNAs or small interfering (si) RNAs. miRNAs are involved in a translation repression pathway that inhibits protein translation in mRNA targets. Comparative genomic screens have revealed conserved regulatory non-coding sequences, which assist to predict the function of endogenous miRNAs. Only a few comparative studies include bovine genomic sequence, and RNAi has yet to be applied in bovine genome functional screens. siRNAs target homologous mRNAs for degradation, and thereby, silence specific genes. The use of synthetic siRNAs facilitates the elucidation of gene pathways by specific gene knockdown. A survey of the literature identifies a small number of reports using RNAi to examine immune pathways in bovine cell lines; however, they do not target genes involved in specific production traits. Applications of RNAi to elucidate bovine immune pathways for relevant bacterial and parasite diseases are yet to be reported. The inhibition of viral replication using RNAi has been demonstrated with bovine RNA viruses such as pestivirus and foot and mouth disease virus signifying the potential of RNAi as an antiviral therapeutic. RNAi approaches combined with genome data for protozoan parasites, insects and nematodes, will expedite the identification of novel targets for the treatment and prevention of economically important parasitic infections. This review will examine the approaches used in mammalian RNAi research, the current status of its applications to livestock systems and will discuss potential applications in beef cattle programs.

Host-delivered RNA interference in tomato for mediating resistance against Meloidogyne incognita and Tomato leaf curl virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-361
Author(s):  
Ramanna Koulagi ◽  
Sagar Banerjee ◽  
Bharat H. Gawade ◽  
Ashish Kumar Singh ◽  
P. K. Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals Feedback regulation of small RNA processing by the cleavage product

RNA Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Durica-Mitic ◽  
Boris Görke
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Cleavage Product

scholarly journals Unusual characteristics of dicistrovirus-derived small RNAs in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmin Li ◽  
Ida Bagus Andika ◽  
Yanru Zhou ◽  
Jiangfeng Shen ◽  
Zongtao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Laodelphax Striatellus ◽  
Sense Strand ◽  
Wide Size Distribution

In this study, sequences of small RNA (sRNA) libraries derived from the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus were assembled into contigs and used as queries for database searches. A large number of contigs were highly homologous to the genome sequence of an insect dicistrovirus, himetobi P virus (HiPV). Interestingly, HiPV-derived sRNAs had a wide size distribution, and were relatively abundant throughout the 18–30 nt size range with only a slight peak at 22 nt. HiPV sRNAs had a strong bias towards the sense strand, whilst the antisense sRNAs were predominantly 21 and 22 nt. HiPV sRNAs do not have the typical features of PIWI-interacting RNAs, but their 3′ ends were preferentially cleaved at UA-rich sequences. Our data suggest that HiPV sRNAs may be derived both from activities of the RNA interference pathway and from cleavage of the viral genome by other host RNases.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in an Interspecific Arachis Spp. Hybrid1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Starr ◽  
G. L. Schuster ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Acid Fuchsin ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Race 1

Abstract Seedlings of TP-135, an interspecific hybrid derived from four Arachis spp. and resistant to Meloidogyne arenaria race 1, and the susceptible cultivar Tamnut 74 were inoculated with 2,500 freshly hatched juveniles of M. arenaria. Plants were harvested at 7, 14, 21, and 35 days after inoculation (DAI) and the roots treated with acid fuchsin to stain infecting nematodes. Adult females with eggs were detected in roots of Tamnut 74 at 21 DAI, producing 1,395 eggs/g roots at 35 DAI. Most nematodes remained as second-stage juveniles and no nematode was observed to develop beyond the third or fourth juvenile stage in roots of TP-135 by 35 DAI. In other experiments, seedlings of Tamnut 74 and root cuttings of TP-135 were each inoculated separately with 3,000 eggs of 10 geographically diverse populations of M. arenaria race 1. All populations of the nematode had greater (P = 0.01) reproduction on Tamnut 74 than on TP-135. Based on these data, we conclude that although the mechanism of resistance in TP-135 to M. arenaria is most similar to that of the wild species A. cardenasii, it is not identical to that of any of the nematode-resistant parental species. Furthermore, we believe that the resistance will be effective against a range of populations of the nematode.

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