scholarly journals Unusual characteristics of dicistrovirus-derived small RNAs in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmin Li ◽  
Ida Bagus Andika ◽  
Yanru Zhou ◽  
Jiangfeng Shen ◽  
Zongtao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Laodelphax Striatellus ◽  
Sense Strand ◽  
Wide Size Distribution

In this study, sequences of small RNA (sRNA) libraries derived from the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus were assembled into contigs and used as queries for database searches. A large number of contigs were highly homologous to the genome sequence of an insect dicistrovirus, himetobi P virus (HiPV). Interestingly, HiPV-derived sRNAs had a wide size distribution, and were relatively abundant throughout the 18–30 nt size range with only a slight peak at 22 nt. HiPV sRNAs had a strong bias towards the sense strand, whilst the antisense sRNAs were predominantly 21 and 22 nt. HiPV sRNAs do not have the typical features of PIWI-interacting RNAs, but their 3′ ends were preferentially cleaved at UA-rich sequences. Our data suggest that HiPV sRNAs may be derived both from activities of the RNA interference pathway and from cleavage of the viral genome by other host RNases.

scholarly journals Regulation of RNA Interference Pathways in the Insect Vector Laodelphax striatellus by Viral Proteins of Rice Stripe Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yumei Fu ◽  
Feng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Rice Stripe Virus ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Protein Levels

RNA interference (RNAi), especially the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways, plays an important role in defending against viruses in plants and insects. However, how insect-transmitted phytoviruses regulate the RNAi-mediated antiviral response in vector insects has barely been uncovered. In this study, we explored the interaction between rice stripe virus (RSV) and the miRNA and siRNA pathways of the small brown planthopper, which is a vector insect. The transcript and protein levels of key genes in the two RNAi pathways did not change during the RSV infection process. When the expression of insect Ago1, Ago2, or Translin was silenced by the injection of double-stranded RNAs targeting these genes, viral replication was promoted with Ago2 silencing but inhibited with Translin silencing. Protein-protein binding assays showed that viral NS2 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacted with insect Ago2 and Translin, respectively. When NS2 was knocked down, the transcript level of Ago2 increased and viral replication was inhibited. Therefore, viral NS2 behaved like an siRNA suppressor in vector insects. This protein-binding regulation of insect RNAi systems reflects a complicated and diverse coevolution of viruses with their vector insects.

ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCF2 and ABCG9 regulate rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection in its insect vector, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuanxue Yang ◽  
Aiyu Wang ◽  
Man Wang ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Atp Binding ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Laodelphax Striatellus ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette

Abstract The majority of plant viral disease is transmitted and spread by insect vectors in the field. The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), is the only efficient vector for rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a devastating plant virus that infects multiple grain crops, including rice, maize, and wheat. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters participate in various biological processes. However, little is known about whether ABC transporters affect virus infection in insects. In this study, RBSDV accumulation was significantly reduced in L. striatellus after treatment with verapamil, an effective inhibitor of ABC transporters. Thirty-four ABC transporter genes were identified in L. striatellus and expression analysis showed that LsABCF2 and LsABCG9 were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, after RBSDV infection. LsABCF2 and LsABCG9 were expressed during all developmental stages, and LsABCG9 was highly expressed in the midgut of L. striatellus. Knockdown of LsABCF2 promoted RBSDV accumulation, while knockdown of LsABCG9 suppressed RBSDV accumulation in L. striatellus. Our data showed that L. striatellus might upregulate the expression of LsABCF2 and downregulate LsABCG9 expression to suppress RBSDV infection. These results will contribute to understanding the effects of ABC transporters on virus transmission and provide theoretical basis for virus management in the field.

scholarly journals Interplay of Rice Stripe Virus and Rice Black Streaked Dwarf Virus during Their Acquisition and Accumulation in Insect Vector

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Marcia Beatriz Moya Fernández ◽  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano ◽  
Xifeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Rice Stripe Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Laodelphax Striatellus ◽  
Persistent Viruses ◽  
Vector Insect

Plant viruses transmitted by hemipteran vectors commonly cause losses to crop production. Rice stripe virus (RSV) and rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) are transmitted to rice plants by the same vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, in a persistent propagative manner. However, rarely do the respective diseases they cause occur simultaneously in a field. Here, we determined the acquisition efficiency of RSV and RBSDV when acquired in succession or simultaneously by SBPH. When RBSDV was acquired first, RSV acquisition efficiency was significantly lower than when only acquiring RSV. However, RBSDV acquisition efficiency from insects that acquired RSV first was not significantly different between the insects only acquiring RBSDV. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the acquisition of RBSDV first might inhibit RSV entry into midgut epithelial cells, but RSV did not affect RBSDV entry. SBPHs were more likely to acquire RBSDV when they were feeding on plants coinfected with the two viruses. When RBSDV was acquired before RSV, RBSDV titer was significantly higher and RSV titer first declined, then increased compared to when only acquiring RBSDV or RSV. Only 5% of the SBPHs acquired both viruses when feeding on plants coinfected with RSV and RBSDV. These results provide a better understanding of the interaction between two persistent viruses when present in the same vector insect and explain why RSV and RBSDV occur in intermittent epidemics.

scholarly journals The Influence of Competition Among C. elegans Small RNA Pathways on Development

Genes ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy J. Zhuang ◽  
Craig P. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Exogenous Rna ◽  
Rna Pathways ◽  
Sirna Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

Small RNAs play a variety of regulatory roles, including highly conserved developmental functions. Caenorhabditis elegans not only possesses most known small RNA pathways, it is also an easy system to study their roles and interactions during development. It has been proposed that in C. elegans, some small RNA pathways compete for access to common limiting resources. The strongest evidence supporting this model is that disrupting the production or stability of endogenous short interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) enhances sensitivity to experimentally induced exogenous RNA interference (exo-RNAi). Here, we examine the relationship between the endo-siRNA and microRNA (miRNA) pathways, and find that, consistent with competition among these endogenous small RNA pathways, endo-siRNA pathway mutants may enhance miRNA efficacy. Furthermore, we show that exo-RNAi may also compete with both endo-siRNAs and miRNAs. Our data thus provide support that all known Dicer-dependent small RNA pathways may compete for limiting common resources. Finally, we observed that both endo-siRNA mutants and animals experiencing exo-RNAi have increased expression of miRNA-regulated stage-specific developmental genes. These observations suggest that perturbing the small RNA flux and/or the induction of exo-RNAi, even in wild-type animals, may impact development via effects on the endo-RNAi and microRNA pathways.

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Small RNAs in Three Small RNA Libraries of the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e32860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Chen ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Hongxia Hua ◽  
Fei Zhou ◽  
Liaoxun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens

scholarly journals Coordination between terminal variation of the viral genome and insect microRNAs regulates rice stripe virus replication in insect vectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e1009424
Author(s):  
Wan Zhao ◽  
Jinting Yu ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Rice Stripe Virus ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Reverse Genetic System ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Extension Sequence

Maintenance of a balance between the levels of viral replication and selective pressure from the immune systems of insect vectors is one of the prerequisites for efficient transmission of insect-borne propagative phytoviruses. The mechanism regulating the adaptation of RNA viruses to insect vectors by genomic variation remains unknown. Our previous study demonstrated an extension of the 3’-untranslated terminal region (UTR) of two genomic segments of rice stripe virus (RSV). In the present study, a reverse genetic system for RSV in human cells and an insect vector, the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus, was used to demonstrate that the 3’-terminal extensions suppressed viral replication in vector insects by inhibiting promoter activity due to structural interference with the panhandle structure formed by viral 3’- and 5’-UTRs. The extension sequence in the viral RNA1 segment was targeted by an endogenous insect microRNA, miR-263a, which decreased the inhibitory effect of the extension sequence on viral promoter activity. Surprisingly, the expression of miR-263a was negatively regulated by RSV infection. This elaborate coordination between terminal variation of the viral genome and endogenous insect microRNAs controls RSV replication in planthopper, thus reflecting a distinct strategy of adaptation of phytoviruses to insect vectors.

Suppression of Hepatitis C Virus Replicon by RNA Interference Directed against the NS3 and NS5B Regions of the Viral Genome

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Takigawa ◽  
Motoko Nagano-Fujii ◽  
Lin Deng ◽  
Rachmat Hidajat ◽  
Motofumi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Viral Genome

scholarly journals Mechanism of Stochastic Resonance in a Quorum Sensing Network Regulated by Small RNAs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-nan Zhu ◽  
Jianwei Shen ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Bacterial Quorum Sensing ◽  
Bacterial Quorum

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is an important process of cell communication and more and more attention is paid to it. Moreover, the noises are ubiquitous in nature and often play positive role. In this paper, we investigate how the noise enhances the QS though the stochastic resonance (SR) and explain the mechanism of SR in this quorum sensing network. In addition, we also discuss the interaction between the small RNA and the other genes in this network and discover the biological importance.

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