scholarly journals Three distinct atmospheric circulation patterns associated with high temperature extremes in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Byung-Kwon Moon ◽  
Maeng-Ki Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeon Park ◽  
Yu-Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Extreme High Temperature

AbstractThe negative impact of extreme high-temperature days (EHDs) on people’s livelihood has increased over the past decades. Therefore, an improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of EHDs is imperative to mitigate this impact. Herein, we classify the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with EHDs that occurred in South Korea from 1982 to 2018 using a self-organizing map (SOM) and investigate the dynamic mechanism for each cluster pattern through composite analysis. A common feature of all SOM clusters is the positive geopotential height (GPH) anomaly over the Korean Peninsula, which provides favorable conditions for EHDs through adiabatic warming caused by anomalous downward motion. Results show that Cluster 1 (C1) is related to the eastward-propagating wave train in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere, while Cluster 2 (C2) and 3 (C3) are influenced by a northward-propagating wave train forced by enhanced convection in the subtropical western North Pacific (WNP). Compared to C2, C3 exhibits strong and eastward-extended enhanced convection over the subtropical WNP, which generates an anomalous high-pressure system over the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, reinforcing EHDs via atmospheric blocking. Our results can contribute to the understanding of East Asia climate variability because wave trains influence the climate dynamics of this region.

Human-perceived temperature changes in South Korea and their association with atmospheric circulation patterns

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-58
Author(s):  
Hyun-Ju Lee ◽  
Wonbae Jeon ◽  
Woo-Seop Lee ◽  
Hwa Woon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Perceived Temperature

AbstractThis study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of human-perceived temperature (HPT) data, which describe the joint effects of temperature and humidity on the human body, and examines the related large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns for the summer season (July–August) in South Korea using trend and composite analyses. The increasing trend of HPT was stronger than that of the maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures during 1981–2018. There was an abrupt change in HPT between 1981–2009 and 2010–2018, which is likely caused by the northward upper-level subtropical jet, strengthened downward motion, anomalous anticyclones around South Korea, and increased sea surface temperature over the western North Pacific (WNP), which are related to the enhancement and western expansion of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). These results highlight the importance of the activity of the WNPSH in the variability of HPT in South Korea. When the western edge of the WNPSH is located in the northwest, a positive geopotential height anomaly at 500 hPa is centered over Korea, which is associated with high temperatures and low relative humidity. The southwestern extension of the WNPSH modifies the wind circulation pattern and brings warm and moist air from the West Sea along the ridge-line of the WNPSH. Eventually, it leads to extreme HPT, associated with high relative humidity and temperature over South Korea, particularly in the southern part of the country. Therefore, we concluded that monitoring and predicting the location of WNPSH and understanding the mechanism and factors influencing the movement of WNPSH under global warming are necessary for predicting and coping with extreme HPT.

scholarly journals Comparison of Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies between Dry and Wet Extreme High-Temperature Days in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
Hangcheng Ge ◽  
Gang Zeng ◽  
Vedaste Iyakaremye ◽  
Xiaoye Yang ◽  
Zongming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
South Asian High ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Extreme High Temperature ◽  
Circulation Anomalies ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies

Many previous studies have reported that atmospheric circulation anomalies are generally the direct cause of extreme high-temperature (EHT). However, the atmospheric circulation anomalies of EHT days with different humidity and the differences between them are less often discussed, while humidity plays an important role in how people feel in a high-temperature environment. Therefore, this study uses 1961–2016 CN05.1 daily observational data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to classify summer EHT days in China into dry and wet. Furthermore, we investigate the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the dry and wet EHT days in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (MLRYR). The results reveal that dry EHT days are likely to be caused by adiabatic heating from anomalous subsidence, while wet EHT days are more likely caused by the low-latitude water vapor and heat anomalies brought by the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). This may be due to a remarkable westward/southward/narrowed extension of the Continental High (CH)/WPSH/South Asian High (SAH) accompanied by an occurrence of dry EHT day. The opposite pattern is observed for wet EHT days. Moreover, a wave train like the Silk Road pattern from the midlatitudes could affect the dry EHT days, while wet EHT days are more likely to be affected by a wave train from high latitudes. Knowing the specific characteristics of dry and wet EHT days and their associated atmospheric circulations could offer new insights into disaster risk prevention and reduction.

scholarly journals Trends and variability in extreme precipitation indices over Maghreb countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3235-3248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tramblay ◽  
S. El Adlouni ◽  
E. Servat
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Records ◽  
Mediterranean Oscillation ◽  
Large Scale Atmospheric Circulation

Abstract. Maghreb countries are highly vulnerable to extreme hydrological events, such as floods and droughts, driven by the strong variability of precipitation. While several studies have analyzed the presence of trends in precipitation records for the Euro-Mediterranean basin, this study provides a regional assessment of trends on its southernmost shores. A database of 22 stations located in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia with between 33 and 59 yr of daily precipitation records is considered. The change points and trends are analyzed for eleven climate indices, describing several features of the precipitation regime. The issue of conducting multiple hypothesis tests is addressed through the implementation of a false discovery rate procedure. The spatial and interannual variability of the precipitation indices at the different stations are analyzed and compared with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, including the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), western Mediterranean Oscillation (WEMO), Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Results show a strong tendency towards a decrease of precipitation totals and wet days together with an increase in the duration of dry periods, mainly for Morocco and western Algeria. On the other hand, only a few significant trends are detected for heavy precipitation indices. The NAO and MO patterns are well correlated with precipitation indices describing precipitation amounts, the number of dry days and the length of wet and dry periods, whereas heavy precipitation indices exhibit a strong spatial variability and are only moderately correlated with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns.

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