scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of optic neuritis phenotypes in a 3-year follow-up Chinese cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Feng ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Guixian Zhao ◽  
Zhenxin Li ◽  
Weimin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Chinese Cohort ◽  
Relapse Rates ◽  
New Onset

AbstractTo evaluate the clinical characteristics of optic neuritis (ON) with different phenotypes. This prospective study recruited patients with new-onset ON between January 2015 and March 2017 who were followed-up for 3 years. They were divided into the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-seropositive (MOG-ON), aquaporin-4-seropositive (AQP4-ON), and double-seronegative (seronegative-ON) groups, and their clinical characteristics and imaging findings were evaluated and compared. Two-hundred-eighty patients (405 eyes) were included (MOG-ON: n = 57, 20.4%; AQP4-ON: n = 98, 35.0%; seronegative-ON: n = 125, 44.6%). The proportion of eyes with best-corrected visual acuity > 20/25 at the 3-year follow-up was similar between the MOG-ON and seronegative-ON groups; the proportion in both groups was higher than that in the AQP4-ON group (p < 0.001). Relapse rates were higher in the MOG-ON and AQP4-ON groups than in the seronegative-ON group (p < 0.001). Average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness at 3 years was similar between the MOG-ON and AQP4-ON groups (63.41 ± 13.39 and 59.40 ± 11.46 μm, p = 0.476) but both were thinner than the seronegative-ON group (74.06 ± 11.14 μm, p < 0.001). Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) revealed the same pattern. Despite RNFL and GCIPL thinning, the MOG-ON group’s outcome was as favorable as that of the seronegative-ON group, whereas the AQP4-ON group showed unsatisfactory results.

Optical coherence tomography is highly sensitive in detecting prior optic neuritis

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. e527-e535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Chaoying Xu ◽  
Randy H. Kardon ◽  
Jacqueline A. Leavitt ◽  
Eoin P. Flanagan ◽  
Sean J. Pittock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Normal Controls

ObjectiveTo explore sensitivity of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting prior unilateral optic neuritis.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational clinical study of all patients who presented from January 1, 2014, to January 6, 2017, with unilateral optic neuritis and OCT available at least 3 months after the attack. We compared OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses between affected and unaffected contralateral eyes. We excluded patients with concomitant glaucoma or other optic neuropathies. Based on analysis of normal controls, thinning was considered significant if RNFL was at least 9 µm or GCIPL was at least 6 µm less in the affected eye compared to the unaffected eye.ResultsFifty-one patients (18 male and 33 female) were included in the study. RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses were significantly lower in eyes with optic neuritis compared to unaffected eyes (p < 0.001). RNFL was thinner by ≥9 µm in 73% of optic neuritis eyes compared to the unaffected eye. GCIPL was thinner by ≥6 µm in 96% of optic neuritis eyes, which was more sensitive than using RNFL (p < 0.001). When using a threshold ≤1st percentile of age-matched controls, sensitivities were 37% for RNFL and 76% for GCIPL, each of which was lower than those calculated using the intereye difference as the threshold (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOCT, especially with GCIPL analysis, is a highly sensitive modality in detecting prior optic neuritis, which is made more robust by using intereye differences to approximate change.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that OCT accurately identifies patients with prior unilateral optic neuritis.

scholarly journals Tracking changes over time in retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1331-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Narayanan ◽  
Han Cheng ◽  
Karlie N Bonem ◽  
Roberto Saenz ◽  
Rosa A Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration

Background: Neurodegeneration plays an important role in permanent disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine whether progressive neurodegeneration occurs in MS eyes without clinically evident inflammation. Methods: Retinal nerve fiver layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPT) were measured using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 133 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients (149 non-optic neuritis (ON), 97 ON eyes, last ON ≥6 months). Ninety-three patients were scanned at two visits. Percentages of abnormal GCIPT vs RNFLT (<5% of machine norms) in cross-sectional data were compared. Relations between RNFLT/GCIPT and MS duration (cross-sectional) and follow-up time (longitudinal) were assessed. Results: GCIPT was abnormal in more eyes than RNFLT (27% vs 16% p = 0.004 in non-ON, 82% vs 72% p = 0.007 in ON). RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with MS duration by −0.49 µm/yr ( p = 0.0001) and −0.36 ( p = 0.005) for non-ON; −0.52 ( p = 0.003) and −0.41 ( p = 0.007) for ON. RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with follow-up time by −1.49 µm/yr ( p < 0.0001) and −0.53 ( p = 0.004) for non-ON, −1.27 ( p = 0.002) and −0.49 ( p = 0.04) for ON. Conclusions: In RRMS eyes without clinically evident inflammation, progressive loss of RNFLT and GCIPT occurred, supporting the need for neuroprotection in addition to suppression of autoimmune responses and inflammation.

Subclinical neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder revealed by optical coherence tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pisa ◽  
Francesco Ratti ◽  
Marco Vabanesi ◽  
Marta Radaelli ◽  
Simone Guerrieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis

Background: Neuroretinal atrophy is associated with whole-brain atrophy and disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent findings support that subclinical visual pathway involvement might also occur in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Objective: The objective of this study is to assess retinal thinning in MS and NMOSD and its association with disease activity. Methods: In total, 27 NMOSD and 54 propensity-score-matched MS patients underwent optical coherence tomography, visual acuity, and visual-evoked potentials at 2.4 years apart, in addition to routine clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment. We excluded eyes with acute optic neuritis. Results: In NMOSD, we detected peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning in patients with disease activity during follow-up (−0.494 µm/year), but not in stable patients (−0.012 µm/year). Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning occurred instead in all patients (−0.279 µm/year). Relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) meeting NEDA-3 criteria had no pRNFL or GCIPL thinning during follow-up. Active-disease RRMS and progressive MS, both active and stable, displayed pRNFL (−0.724, −0.586, −0.556 µm/year, respectively) and GCIPL loss. Conclusion: In MS, neuroretinal atrophy was associated with disease activity but occurred in progressive MS even when achieving NEDA-3 criteria. In NMOSD, pRNFL thinning was associated with non-ocular relapses due to a spreading of inflammatory activity. GCIPL thinning was found in all patients, supporting a primary retinal pathology targeting AQP4-rich structures.

Inner Retinal Morphology and Visual Outcomes in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Surgery: A Retrospective Optical Coherence Tomography Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642198961
Author(s):  
Ioannis S. Dimopoulos ◽  
Michael Dollin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
Retinal Pathology

Purpose: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal finding for patients older than 50 years. Disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) has emerged as a novel predictor of poor visual acuity (VA) in eyes with inner retinal pathology. The aim of our study is to correlate preoperative DRIL with visual outcomes after ERM surgery. Methods: Medical records and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of 81 pseudophakic patients who underwent treatment of idiopathic ERM were reviewed. Preoperative DRIL on OCT was correlated with VA at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after ERM surgery. DRIL was defined as the loss of distinction between the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer complex, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer. DRIL severity was based on its extent within the central 2-mm region of a transfoveal B-scan (absent/mild: <one-third, severe: >one-third horizontal width). Results: Review of preoperative OCT showed severe DRIL in 41% and absent/mild DRIL in 59%. Severe DRIL was associated with worse baseline VA ( P < .001). Preoperative VA and DRIL status at baseline were both predictors of postoperative VA at follow-up time points ( P < .001). Severe DRIL was associated with significantly less improvement in VA at 6 months (–0.23 logMAR for absent/mild vs –0.14 for severe DRIL). Conclusions: Presence of severe preoperative DRIL correlates with worse baseline VA in patients with ERM and reduced VA improvement at 6 months. DRIL can be a strong predictor of long-term poor visual outcomes in ERM surgery.

scholarly journals Inner and outer retinal layer thickness alterations in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga-In Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ah Park ◽  
Sei Yeul Oh ◽  
Doo-Sik Kong ◽  
Sang Duk Hong
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Photoreceptor Layer ◽  
Chiasmal Compression

AbstractWe evaluated postoperative retinal thickness in pediatric and juvenile craniopharyngioma (CP) patients with chiasmal compression using optical coherence tomography (OCT) auto-segmentation. We included 18 eyes of 18 pediatric or juvenile patients with CP and 20 healthy controls. Each thickness of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer was compared between the CP patients and healthy controls. There was significant thinning in the macular RNFL (estimates [μm], superior, − 10.68; inferior, − 7.24; nasal, − 14.22), all quadrants of GCL (superior, − 16.53; inferior, − 14.37; nasal, − 24.34; temporal, − 9.91) and IPL (superior, − 11.45; inferior, − 9.76; nasal, − 15.25; temporal, − 4.97) in pediatric and juvenile CP patients postoperatively compared to healthy control eyes after adjusting for age and refractive errors. Thickness reduction in the average and nasal quadrant of RNFL, GCL, and IPL was associated with peripapillary RNFL thickness, and reduced nasal quadrant GCL and IPL thicknesses were associated with postoperative visual field defects. In pediatric and juvenile patients with CP, decreased inner retinal layer thickness following chiasmal compression was observed. The changes in retinal structures were closely related to peripapillary RNFL thinning and functional outcomes.

scholarly journals MS optic neuritis-induced long-term structural changes within the visual pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Pawlitzki ◽  
Marc Horbrügger ◽  
Kristian Loewe ◽  
Jörn Kaufmann ◽  
Roland Opfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
History Of

BackgroundThe visual pathway is commonly involved in multiple sclerosis (MS), even in its early stages, including clinical episodes of optic neuritis (ON). The long-term structural damage within the visual compartment in patients with ON, however, is yet to be elucidated.ObjectiveOur aim was to characterize visual system structure abnormalities using MRI along with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) depending on a single history of ON.MethodsTwenty-eight patients with clinically definitive MS, either with a history of a single ON (HON) or without such history and normal VEP findings (NON), were included. OCT measures comprised OCT-derived peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness. Cortical and global gray and white matter, thalamic, and T2 lesion volumes were assessed using structural MRI. Diffusion-weighted MRI-derived measures included fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), radial (RD), and axial (AD) diffusivity within the optic radiation (OR).ResultsMean (SD) duration after ON was 8.3 (3.7) years. Compared with the NON group, HON patients showed significant RNFL (p = 0.01) and GCIPL thinning (p = 0.002). OR FA (p = 0.014), MD (p = 0.005), RD (p = 0.007), and AD (p = 0.004) were altered compared with NON. Global gray and white as well as other regional gray matter structures did not differ between the 2 groups.ConclusionA single history of ON induces long-term structural damage within the retina and OR suggestive of both retrograde and anterograde neuroaxonal degeneration.

scholarly journals Bilateral retinal pathology following a first-ever clinical episode of autoimmune optic neuritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla A. Wicki ◽  
Praveena Manogaran ◽  
Tanja Simic ◽  
James V.M. Hanson ◽  
Sven Schippling
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Clinical Episode

ObjectiveThis longitudinal study aimed to assess changes in retinal structure and visual function following a first-ever episode of acute optic neuritis (ON).MethodsClinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data obtained over a period of 12 months were retrospectively analyzed in 41 patients with a first-ever clinical episode of acute ON. OCT scans, high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA), and low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) were acquired at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter. Macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and macular inner nuclear layer (INL) thicknesses were assessed by OCT. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze OCT variables of ipsilateral ON and contralateral non-ON (NON) eyes over time.ResultsThe mean change of GCIP thickness in ON eyes was significant at all follow-up time points, with nearly 75% of the total reduction having occurred by month 1. In ON eyes, thinner GCIP thickness at month 1 correlated with lower LCVA at month 3. Mean pRNFL thickness in ON eyes differed significantly from NON eyes at all postbaseline time points. INL thickness was significantly increased in ON eyes (month 1) but also in contralateral NON eyes (month 12).ConclusionsRetinal structural damage develops rapidly following acute ON and is associated with subsequent functional visual deficits. Our results also suggest bilateral retinal pathology following unilateral ON, possibly caused by subclinical involvement of the contralateral NON eyes. Moreover, our data may assist in clinical trial planning in studies targeting tissue damage in acute ON.

scholarly journals Morphology of Inner Retina in Rhesus Monkeys of Various Ages: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfei Chen ◽  
Qihui Luo ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Inner Retina ◽  
Biological Studies

Purpose. To investigate the changes of thickness in each layer, the morphology and density of inner neurons in rhesus monkeys’ retina at various growth stages, thus contribute useful data for further biological studies. Methods. The thickness of nerve fiber layer (NFL), the whole retina, inner plexiform layer (IPL), and outer plexiform layer (OPL) of rhesus monkeys at different ages were observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The morphology and the density of inner neurons of rhesus monkey retina were detected by immunofluorescence. Results. The retina showed the well-known ten layers, the thickness of each retinal layer in rhesus monkeys at various ages increased rapidly after infant, and the retina was the thickest in adulthood, but the retinal thickness stop growing in senescent. Quantitative analysis showed that the maximum density of inner neurons was reached in adolescent, and then, the density of inner neurons decreased in adults and senescent retinas. And some changes in the morphology of rod bipolar cells have occurred in senescent. Conclusions. The structure of retina in rhesus monkeys is relatively immature at infant, and the inner retina of rhesus monkeys is mature in adolescent, while the thickness of each retinal layer was the most developed in the adult group. There was no significant change in senescence for the thickness of each retinal layer, but the number of the neurons in our study has a decreasing trend and the morphological structure has changed.

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