scholarly journals Calcium functional imaging with high-resolution CT in the inner ear

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisaya Tanioka ◽  
Sayaka Tanioka
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Texture Synthesis ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Synthesis Algorithm ◽  
Utricular Macula ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

AbstractAlthough the otolith and otolith organs correlate with vertigo and instability, there is no method to investigate them without harmful procedures. We will create the technique for 3D microanatomical images of them, and investigate the in vivo internal state and metabolisms. The otolith and otolith organs images were reconstructed from a texture synthesis algorithm under the skull volume rendering algorithm using a cutting-plane method. The utricular macula was elongated pea-shaped. The saccular macula was almost bud-shaped. The changes in the amount of CaCO3 in the maculae and the endolymphatic sac showed various morphologies, reflecting the balance status of each subject. Both shapes and volumes were not always constant depending on time. In Meniere’s disease (MD), the saccular macula was larger and the utricular macula was smaller. In benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the otolith increased in the utricular macula but did not change much in the saccular macula. The saccule, utricle, and endolymphatic sac were not constantly shaped according to their conditions. These created 3D microanatomical images can allow detailed observations of changes in physiological and biological information. This imaging technique will contribute to our understanding of pathology and calcium metabolism in the in vivo vestibulum.

Pathology of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Revisited

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Gacek
Keyword(s):  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Posterior Canal ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

The pathophysiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is not completely understood. Although the concept of degenerated otoconia transforming the posterior canal (PC) crista into a gravity-sensitive sense organ has gained popular support, several temporal bone (TB) series have revealed similar deposits in normal TBs, suggesting they are a normal change in the aging labyrinth. Furthermore, some TBs from patients with BPPV do not contain particles in the posterior canal. Five TBs from patients with BPPV were studied quantitatively and qualitatively. A small PC cupular deposit was found in 1 TB, while none was seen in the other 4 TBs. The major pathological changes were 1) a 50% loss of ganglion cells in the superior vestibular division of all 5 TBs and 2) a 50% loss of neurons in the inferior division of 3 TBs, and a 30% loss in 2 TBs that contained abnormal saccular ganglion cells. These observations support a concept in the pathophysiology of BPPV that includes loss of the inhibitory effect of otolith organs on canal sense organs.

Experimental study on the aetiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo due to canalolithiasis: comparison between normal and vestibular dysfunction models

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Otsuka ◽  
M Negishi ◽  
M Suzuki ◽  
T Inagaki ◽  
M Yatomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Vestibular Dysfunction ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Utricular Macula ◽  
American Bullfrog ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

AbstractObjectives:Using American bullfrog models under normal conditions and under vestibular dysfunction, we investigated whether mechanical vibration applied to the ear could induce otoconial dislodgement.Methods:Vibration was applied to the labyrinth of the bullfrog using a surgical drill. The time required for the otoconia to dislodge from the utricular macula was measured. Vestibular dysfunction models were created and the dislodgement time was compared with the normal models. The morphology of the utricular macula was also investigated.Results:In the normal models, the average time for otoconial dislodgement to occur was 7 min and 36 s; in the vestibular dysfunction models, it was 2 min and 11 s. Pathological investigation revealed that the sensory hairs of the utricle were reduced in number and that the sensory cells became atrophic in the vestibular dysfunction models.Conclusion:The otoconia of the utricle were dislodged into the semicircular canal after applying vibration. The time to dislodgement was significantly shorter in the vestibular dysfunction models than in the normal models; the utricular macula sustained significant morphological damage.

Clinical Implications of the Center of Balance for a Veteran with Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
pp. 280-289
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Background: It is known that traumatic brain injury (TBI), even of the mild variety, can cause diffuse multisystem neurological damage. Coordination of sensory input from the visual, vestibular and somatosensory pathways is important to obtain proper balance and stabilization in the visual environment. This coordination of systems is potentially disrupted in TBI leading to visual symptoms and complaints of dizziness and imbalance. The Center of Balance (COB) at the Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) is an interprofessional clinic specifically designed for patients with such complaints. An evaluation entails examination by an optometrist, audiologist and physical therapist and is concluded with a comprehensive rehabilitative treatment plan. The clinical construct will be described and a case report will be presented to demonstrate this unique model. Case Report: A combat veteran with a history of a gunshot wound to the skull, blunt force head trauma and exposure to multiple explosions presented with complaints of difficulty reading and recent onset dizziness. After thorough evaluation in the COB, the patient was diagnosed with and treated for severe oculomotor dysfunction and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Conclusion: Vision therapy was able to provide a successful outcome via improvement of oculomotor efficiency and control. Physical therapy intervention was able to address the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The specific evaluation and management as pertains to the aforementioned diagnoses, as well as the importance of an interprofessional rehabilitative approach, will be outlined.

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